电机与拖动 Electrical Machine and Dragging思维导图

U9106782758

2025-08-27

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额定转矩

额定电压

功率因数

电机与拖动 Electrical Machine and Dragging详述

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思维导图大纲

直流电机direct-current machine

工作原理Working Principle

直流电动机：基于电磁力定律将电能转换为机械能 DC Motor: Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy based on the law of electromagnetic force.

电磁力定律：载流导体在磁场中会受到力的作用 Law of Electromagnetic Force: A current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field experiences a mechanical force.

直流发电机：基于电磁感应定律将机械能转换为电能 DC Generator: Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy based on the law of electromagnetic induction.

电磁感应定律：变化的磁场能够产生电场，并进而产生电动势和电流。Law of Electromagnetic Induction: A changing magnetic field generates an electric field, which in turn produces electromotive force (EMF) and electric current.

结构：定子、转子、换向器、电刷 Structure: Stator, Rotor, Commutator, Brushes

定子：产生磁场的部分 Stator: generates the magnetic field.

转子：旋转的部分 Rotor: The rotating part.

换向：通过换向器和电刷的机械作用，自动改变转子绕组中电流方向Commutation: Automatically reverses the direction of current in the rotor windings through the mechanical action of the commutator and brushes.

目的：确保转子线圈在任何位置所受的电磁力矩方向一致，从而驱动电机持续旋转Purpose: To ensure that the electromagnetic torque on the rotor coil remains consistent in direction regardless of its position, thereby driving continuous rotation of the motor.

变压器Transformer

工作原理：利用电磁感应，通过原边的变化磁场在副边感应出电压，其电压值与线圈匝数成正比。Uses electromagnetic induction. Primary winding's changing magnetic field induces voltage in secondary winding. Voltage proportional to turns ratio.

结构：原绕组、副绕组、铁心、交流电源Structure: Primary winding, secondary winding, iron core, AC power supply.

参数parameter

额定电压：空载运行时，各绕组端子间指定的电压值 Rated Voltage: The specified voltage value between the terminals of each winding under no-load operation.

额定电流：在额定容量和额定电压下，允许长期通过的电流 Rated Current: The maximum current allowed for continuous operation under rated capacity and rated voltage.

额定频率：变压器设计所依据的运行频率 Rated Frequency: The operating frequency specified in the transformer design.

标幺值：是指某一物理量的实际值与一个选定的基准值之间的比值。Per Unit Value: The ratio of the actual value of a physical quantity to a selected base value.