Unit 1 The FunThey Had知识点思维导图

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2023-11-11

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英语课程

英语教学

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英语课程语法与单词知识点内容详解

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Vocabulary

adjust

v.调整

[əˈdʒʌst]

How do you adjust yourself? 您如何调整自己的？

adv.+v.automatically adjust,easily adjust,adjust accordingly v.+n.adjust price

regulate,alter,fiddle with,correct,fine-tune

attic

n.阁楼

['ætɪk]

On his first night there he sneaks out of his attic bedroom to go to the bathroom but finds that the door is closed and the light on. 在那里第一个晚上，他偷溜出他的阁楼卧室去洗手间，但发现洗手间灯亮但门锁。

loft,garret,roof space,upper floor

awfully

adv.非常；极其

[ˈɔːf(ə)li]

its awfully nice of you to think of me , he said laconically. “你这样关心我，你真是太好了。”他简括地说。

extremely,very,really,terrifically,terribly

calculate

v.计算；预测；核算；推测

[ˈkælkjʊleɪt]

Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to these lost opportunities and calculate the financial implications. 知道现在，组织才开始认识到这些失去的机会和计算财务的含义。

v.+n.calculate cost,calculate number,calculate result,calculate distance,calculate ratio adv.+v.accurately calculate

work out,compute,analyze,analyse,estimate

code

n.代码；密码；法典；法规

[kəʊd

He was part of the group that worked on the original Geronimo code drop, because he felt that there had to be a better way of doing things. 当时他是Geronimo原始代码优化小组的一员，因为他觉得实现优化应该有更好的方法。

v.+n.use code,change code,break code,dial code,crack code adj.+n.simple code

cipher,cryptogram,encryption,cryptograph,enigma

county

n.（英国、爱尔兰的）郡；（美国的）县

['kaʊnti]

When people's representative conferences are established up to the county level, it will be easy to set them up at higher levels. 有了县和县以下的各级人民代表会议，县以上的各级人民代表会议就容易建立起来了。

adj.+n.county hospital,nearby county,rural county,same county,northern county

region,section,province,district,canton

crinkly

adj.多褶皱的；多皱纹的；多鬈发的；多波浪的

['krɪŋk(ə)li]

It is probably too stiff and crinkly for him, and he probably doesn' t think he looks as smart in it as he once did. 可能是蛇感到这张皮既僵硬又难看，穿在身上不像以前那么漂亮。

wrinkled,creased,furrowed,puckered,wavy

dial

n.表盘；(钟表等的)针盘；(仪表等的)标度盘；(电话的)拨号盘

['daɪəl]

The dial on the right indicates how much power is being drawn--the motor makes out at 30 kilowatts, or about 40 horsepower. 右侧的表盘显示多大的权力正在制定-电机马克塞斯了30千瓦，约40马力。

v.+n.dial number,dial code,dial phone adj.+n.luminous dial adv.+v.automatically dial

dispute

v.争论；争执；辩论；争夺

[dɪˈspjuːt]

Holding back on the fuel for Bushehr was one bit of Russian leverage in the nuclear dispute with Iran that is now being lost. 控制着布什尔的核燃料是俄罗斯在与伊朗的核争端上的筹码之一，但如今正在丧失。

v.+n.settle dispute,resolve dispute,dispute end,cause dispute,refer dispute adj.+n.long dispute,bitter dispute,fierce dispute

argue,debate,discuss,wrangle,challenge

fraction

n.分数；小部分；小数；少量

['frækʃ(ə)n]

This small exercise might be useful for a first contact with the program, but it shows only a very small fraction of the tasks in an office. 这个小练习也许对于头次接触这个程序很有用，但它仅展示了办公任务中很小的一部分。

adj.+n.tiny fraction,small fraction,large fraction

little,small part,part,portion,segment

head

v.主管；领导；朝（某方向）行进；位于排行之首

[hed]

A platform enclosing the head of each mast of a sailing ship, to which the topmast rigging is attached. 桅楼，桅盘帆船上包围着所有帆头的平台，顶桅索具就加结于其上。

v.+n.turn head,raise head,bury head,lift head,shake head adj.+n.titular head,shave head,head waiter,effective head,departmental head

insert

v.插入；嵌入；（在文章中）添加

[ɪnˈsɜː(r)t]

An update to a key column operates like a delete of the old key value followed by an insert of the new key value. 对键列进行更新与删除旧键值然后插入新键值作用相同。

v.+n.insert disk,insert card,insert word

introduce,implant,inject,put in,add

inspector

n.检查员；巡视员；视察员；（警察）巡官

[ɪnˈspektə(r)]

It is reported that the company is under investigation by the local inspector of taxes. 据报道，这家公司正在受到当地税务稽查员的调查。

adj.+n.senior inspector

examiner,checker,superintendent,overseer,assessor

loftily

adv.高傲地

['lɒftɪlɪ]

Mitt Romney, the frontrunner for the Republican presidential nomination, speaks loftily of another American century. 有希望获共和党总统候选人提名的米特•罗姆尼（MittRomney）傲慢地谈起了另一个美国世纪。

haughtily,disdainfully,arrogantly,proudly

mechanical

adj.机动的；机械驱动的；机械的；机器的

[mɪˈkænɪk(ə)l]

a mechanical drawing of an object as if made by a plane cutting through it horizontally. 好像是用一个平面水平切开一样的物体的机械图。

adj.+n.mechanical equipment,mechanical response,mechanical arm,mechanical toy

nonchalantly

adv.漠不关心地；冷淡地；若无其事

['nɒnʃələntli]

At a nearby lakeside pub, moonshine is dispensed and a goat wanders nonchalantly among the drinkers. 在附近的一家湖边酒馆，月光泄地，一只山羊在饮者中漠不关心地闲逛。

casually,indifferently,coolly,dispassionately,imperturbably

punch

n.冲床；重拳击打；用力的捶打；吸引力

[pʌntʃ]

In MPMDF, the fixed shape matched-dies of conventional stamping are replaced by a pair of opposed matrices of movable punch elements. 在MPMDF，固定形状匹配，传统烫金由动产冲床元素反对矩阵对替代死亡。

v.+n.punch hole

suffolk punch

scornful

adj.轻蔑的；鄙夷的

[ˈskɔː(r)nf(ə)l]

Every eye was fixed on Carrie, still proud and scornful. They moved as she moved. Their eyes were with her eyes. 每双眼睛都盯着嘉莉。她仍然是那么高傲，带着轻蔑的表情。他们随着她的一举一动而移动，目光紧随着她的目光。

contemptuous,disdainful,disrespectful,mocking,derisive

screen

n.屏幕；画面；银幕；屏风

[skriːn]

Also , make sure that your screen is at a 90 - degree angle to any light source to cut down on glare . 同时，确使你的屏幕对任何光源都保持90度角来减少光的强度。

adj.+n.video screen

partition,divider,panel,shade,awning

slot

n.机会；（投放或插入东西的）窄缝

[slɒt]

She placed her card in a slot on the outside the bank. 她在银行外面把她的卡片塞进一条窄缝。

slit,hole,opening,niche,space

superior

n.上级；上司；级别（或地位、职位）更高的人；用作宗教团体领导的头衔 adj.（在品质上）更好的；占优势的；更胜一筹的

[sʊˈpɪəriə(r)]

Rome's advantage, Paterson suggests, lay far from the battlefield, in its superior political structure. 罗马的优势，帕特森表示，远远不是在战场上，而在于其更胜一筹的政治结构。

adj.+n.superior quality,superior officer,superior intelligence,superior class,superior authority superior to

telebook

n.电视剧剧情说明书

['telɪbʊk]

tuck

v.收藏；把（衣服、纸张等的边缘）塞进；把…塞进狭窄的空间；把…藏入

[tʌk]

Tuck the end of A behind the overlapping layers and pull it up through the neck loop. Pull it all the way through. 把A的尾端塞进折叠的部分，从脖子已经打成的环型全部拽出。

v.+n.tuck shirt

insert,put,push,slip,place

whistle

v.吹口哨；吹哨子；打呼哨；鸣叫

['wɪs(ə)l

So you can think about this like trying to talk and chew gum and whistle at the same time. 你可以想象着这好比是同时讲话和嚼口香糖、吹口哨。

v.+n.whistle tune

shrill

in no time

Very quickly or soon,esp.in a way that is surprising

send for

Ask or order sb. to come by sending him/her a message.

grammar

generic reference

类指是表示类别，也就是泛指一类人或物。不论是定冠词还是不定冠词和零冠词都具有这种功能。在正式文体中，定冠词可与单数可数名词搭配，起类指的作用。例如： The grass was wet and the purple-black trees were dripping. 草地是湿的，紫黑色的树在滴水。定冠词也可与某些形容词或分词搭配，起类指的作用或表抽象的概念。例如： After the storm damaged clinics and a hospital, the school became the only place large enough to treat the sick. 风暴毁坏了几座诊所和一家医院，学校变成了唯一一个面积足够安置和治疗伤员的地方。不定冠词与单数可数名词搭配也起类指的作用。例如： A horse can become dangerous at any time. 马在任何时候都可能发飙。 I will be an editor at the school newspaper. 我将是校报的一名编辑。零冠词与复数可数名词或不可数名词搭配同样也表示一类人或物。例如： I think apples are very acid. 我觉得苹果很酸。 Wind is the biggest enemy to oranges during a hurricane, because it knocks down fruit and trees. 飓风期间大风是橘子最大的危协。因为大风会摧毁树和果实。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

specific reference

特指，顾名思义就是特指一类人或物中的具体对象。这里有两种情况：一种是很明确地指出何人或何物，称为“确定特指”（Definite Specific Reference）。定冠词常作这种用法。例如： Joe has two kids. The boy is Ryan and the girl is Rita. 乔有两个孩子。男孩叫赖安，女孩叫丽塔。另一种情况是不明确地指出何人或何物，称为“非确定特指”（Indefinite Specific Reference），但也是特指一类人或物中的具体对象。不定冠词常作这种用法。例如： We just hoped a fireman or a rescue helicopter would find us. 我们只能希望消防队员或救援直升机能发现我们。 3、后照应特指（Anaphoric Specific Reference）、前照应特指（Cataphoric Specific Reference）、语境特指（Situational Reference）确定特指又可分为后照应特指（Anaphoric Specific Reference）、前照应特指（Cataphoric Specific Reference）、语境特指（Situational Reference）。后照应特指是指用定冠词表示上文里已提到的人或物。第一次提及用不定冠词。第二次提及用定冠词。例如： We saw a movie last night. The movie couldn’t be better. 我们昨晚看了场电影。电影棒极了。前照应特指是指照应对象不在上文，而在下文已提到的人或物。定冠词的指定作用决定于名词中心词的后置修饰语。例如： Is this the medicine you 're giving her? 你给她吃的是这种药吗？语境特指不是建立在上下文基础上的照应关系，而是依赖于交际双方共享的背景知识和语篇交流的目的所在。能用于语境特指的冠词通常是定冠词，但是零冠词在一定上下文中也可表示确定特指含义，也是一种语境特指。例如： What do you think of the food here? 你觉得这儿的食物怎么样？ In 1982 he was elected president of the new government-in-exile. 1982年他被选举为的总统。

writing strategies

run-on sentences

A run-on sentence is a common error caused by merging two sentences without suitable punctuation. The most common run-on sentence is the "comma splice" (also known as the "comma fault"), which occurs when two sentences are inappropriately separated by a comma.

1 Divide the clauses into two sentences Often in writing, the best way to fix a run-on sentence is to split it into two or more separate sentences. Be sure to capitalize the first letter of each sentence and use a period, question mark, or exclamation point between them. 2 Insert a semicolon between the two clauses Another way to write better sentences is by using a semicolon to connect two clauses in the same sentence. This works great for comma splices because you can simply replace the comma with a semicolon. 3 Use a comma and a conjunction Conjunctions work well for describing the relationship between two clauses. You can use either a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so) or a subordinating conjunction (because, if, while, etc.). If you use a coordinating conjunction, place a comma before the conjunction. If you’re using a subordinating conjunction, use a comma only if the subordinate clause comes first. You don’t need a comma if the subordinate clause comes second.

comma splices

A comma splice is a particular kind of comma mistake that happens when you use a comma to join two independent clauses.

1: Add a conjunction One way to fix a comma splice is to add a conjunction immediately after the comma. With most comma splices, the conjunction you’ll want to add is probably and, but, or so. 2: Change the comma to a semicolon If adding a conjunction doesn’t seem to work, you can change the comma to a semicolon instead. Unlike commas, semicolons are strong enough to glue two independent clauses together. 3: Make separate sentences If adding a conjunction doesn’t seem to work and using a semicolon feels too stuffy, you can fix a comma splice by simply making each independent clause a separate sentence.

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