四级词汇重点语法讲义思维导图

篱下浅笙歌

2023-03-17

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四级词汇

　　1.时态语态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，将　　来进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，现在完成进行时，　　过去完成进行时，过去将来时，过去将来进行时，过去将来完成时，过

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思维导图大纲

1.时态语态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，将

来进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，现在完成进行时，

过去完成进行时，过去将来时，过去将来进行时，过去将来完成时，过

去将来完成进行时

主动，被动

Athiefwhobrokeintoachurchwascaughtbecausetracesofwax,foundonhisclothes,_______fromthesortofcandlesusedonlyinchurches.(1999.6)

A)hadcomeB)comingC)comeD)thatcame

2.虚拟语气

1)基本形式：与现在实际情况相虚拟(did/were...would/shoulddo)，与过去实际情况虚拟(haddone...would/shouldhavedone)，与将来实际情况虚拟(weretodo...would/shoulddo)，与将来实际情况可能相反(shoulddo...would/shoulddo)

2)特殊句型：

(1)Hadthedoctorbeenavailable,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.

(2)ifonly,suppose:IfonlyIcouldaffordsuchabighouse.

Supposeyouwereamillionaire,howwouldyouspendthe

money?

(3)Itis(about,high)timesb.didsth.

(4)without,butfor,butthat,or,otherwise:

Withoutairandwater,nohumanbeingcouldsurviveontheearth.

Butforyourtimelyhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedthejobontime.

Shewasseriouslyilllastnight,otherwiseshewouldhaveattendedtheparty.

(5)错综时间条件句：

IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thaveleftschoolsoearly.

Hadyoulistenedtoyourparentstenyearsago,youwouldbeasuccessful

scientistnow.

(6)需要用虚拟的动词：

suggest,propose,insist,prefer,order,command,advise,desire,recommend,require,intend,decide,request,deserve,demand,determine,arrange,beg,ask,pray,urge,move,instruct,stipulate,maintain,

(7)需要用虚拟的名词

idea,importance,insistence,motion,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,suggestion,necessity,desire,motion,requirement,resolution,demand,stipulation,advice,preference,wish

(8)需要用虚拟的形容词

advisable,anxious,appropriate,better,desirable,eager,essential,imperative,important,insistent,keen,natural,necessary,possible,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,absurd,best,content,unfair,odd,pleasant,right,strange,crucial,surprising

(9)wish

Shewishesthatshewereateacher.

IwishIcouldtakeawalkonthemoon.

(10)would(had)rather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon

I’dratheryoustayedwithustonight.

Iwouldjustassoontheyhaddonethejobaheadoftime.

(11)asif,asthough

Shetalksasifshewereadoctor.(Itseemsasifit’sgoingtorain.)

(12)incase,lest,forfearthat

Shetookanumbrellaincaseitshouldrain.

Remembertoleaveearlierlestyoushouldmissthetrain.

Whowouldyourather__________withyou,Georgeorme?(2002.6)

A)goingB)togoC)havegoneD)went

Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionist__________thatguestsareregisteredcorrectly(2001.1)

A)hasmadesureB)madesureC)mustmakesureD)makesure

3.非谓语动词

(1).以不定式做宾语的动词

aim,arrange,ask,afford,agree,apply,attempt,beg,bother,choose,claim,consent,care,decide,decline,demand,dare,desire,determine,elect,endeavor,expect,fail,guarantee,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,ought,plan,prepare,presume,pretend,proceed,profess,promise,refuse,request,resolve,seek,strive,swear,tend,threaten,undertake,volunteer,wish

(2).以动名词做宾语的动词

miss,mind,enjoy,avoid,admit,finish,escape,practice,acknowledge,advise,allow,anticipate,appreciate,consider,complete,contemplate,delay,deny,endure,evade,facilitate,favor,forbid,forgive,imagine,involve,permit,quit,resent,resume,suggest,advocate,detest,excuse,fancy,mention,resist,risk,stand,understand,celebrate,dispute,doubt,dread,ensure,hinder,prohibit,recommend,can’thelp,feellike

(3).不定式和动名词都可，但意义不同

mean,try,stop,regret,forget,remember,goon,love,like,hate,prefer,dislike

Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper__________inbroaddaylightyesterday.(2001.1)

A)beingrobbedB)havingbeenrobbedC)tohavebeenrobbedD)robbed

There’samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans__________trouble.(1997.1)

A)makingB)tomakeC)tohavemadeD)havingmade

I’llneverforget__________youforthefirsttime.(2001.1)

A)tomeetB)meetingC)tohavemetD)havingtobemeeting

4.倒装

1)虚拟条件句，省略if，同时将had,were,should提到主语之前

Wereitnotforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavearrivedthere.

2)so/such...that

Solittledidheknowaboutthesubjectthathehadtostayuppreparingfortheexam.

3)as,though,nomatterhow(what),however

Youngasheis,hehasaccomplishedalot.

Howevercolditis,hewillgoswimminginthelake.

4)so,neither,nor

Hedidn’tgototheconcert,neitherdidhisfamily.

5)no,hardly,never,scarcely,seldom,barely,rarely,nolonger,notuntil,nosooner...than,

hardly...when,notonly...butalso,not,little,atnotime,bynomeans,onnoaccount,in

nocase,innoway,under/innocircumstances在句首

6)only+adverb,prepositionalphrase,adverbialclause

Onlyinthiswaycanwehopetosolvetheproblemofenvironmentalpollution.

7)here/there/now/then/hence

Herecomesthebus.

Wehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstances__________thetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.(1999.6)

A)mayweuseB)wemayuseC)wecoulduseD)didweuse

#P#

5.一致性

1)时态一致

2)主谓一致

(1)时间，重量，长度，价值，面积，体积可以是单数

(2)and表示一个整体，用单数

breadandbutter,cupandsaucer,knifeandfork,ebbandflow,needleandthread,trialanderror,lawandorder,teacherandmother,presidentandcommander-in-chief

(3)people,police,cattle,poultry,militia,youth通常为复数;public,family,

committee,audience,choir,class,club,company,council,crew,firm,gang,

school,staff,union,board,flock,government,jury可单可复

(4)any,anybody,anyone,anything,each,either,every,everybody,everyone,

everything,neither,nobody,noone,nothing,somebody,someone,something

(5)with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,accompaniedby,inadditionto,

ratherthan,besides,asmuchas

(6)either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,not...but

(7)anumberof,thenumberof

Theownerandeditorofthenewspaper__________attendtheconference.(2002.6)

A)istoB)areto

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,__________morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.(2000.6)

A)allowB)allowsC)allowingD)haveallowed

6.形容词和副词

1)形容词的词序：限定词(冠词，代词，所有格形式)+数词或last,next等+一般描述性形容词+大小，长短，高低+形状+年龄，新旧+颜色+国籍，地区，出处+物质材料+用途，类别+名词中心词

abrightredsilkdress,abeautifullargegreenChinesecarpet

2)比较级和最高级

old(older,oldest,elder,eldest),far(farther,farthest,further,furthest),superior

3)形容词的主动和被动

surprised,surprising

7.情态动词

You__________himsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.(2000.1)

A)shouldn’thavebeenfollowingB)couldn’thavebeenfollowing

C)mustn’tfollowD)shouldn’tfollow

8.连词

1)并列连词：and,but,yet,for,so,while,whereas,or,aswellas,ratherthan,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso

2)从属连词：

(1)引导时间状语：when,whenever,as,since,till,until,before,after,assoonas,once,themoment,theinstant,immediately,theday,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when,instantly,everytime,theminute,thesecond

(2)地点：where,wherever,everywhere

(3)条件：if,unless,providing/provided(that),aslongas,solongas,onconditionthat,suppose,supposingthat,incase,ifonly

(4)原因：because,as,since,nowthat,seeing(that),considering(that),inviewof,inthat

(5)让步：though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,while,whatever,wherever,whoever,however,nomatter...,granting/granted(that),inspiteof,despite

(6)比较：as...as,thesameas,notsoas,than

(7)方式：as,asif,asthough,theway

(8)目的：that,sothat,lest,incase,forfearthat,inorderthat

(9)结果：sothat,so...that,such...that,tosuchadegree/extentthat

__________receivingfinancialsupportfromfamily,communityorthegovernmentisallowed,itisneveradmired.(2001.1)

A)AsB)OnceC)AlthoughD)Lest

__________youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.(1999.6)

A)ForB)SinceC)BeforeD)While