eg.Allthebirdscannotfly.
Notallthebirdscanfly.不是所有的鸟都会飞。
eg.Allthebirdscannotfly.并非所有的鸟都会飞。
Noneofthebirdscanfly.所有的鸟都不会飞。
代词或副词如all,both,every,everybody,everyday,everyone,everything,everywhere等与not搭配使用时,表示部分否定,意思为“并非都是"等。
eg.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.发光的并非都是金子。=Notallisgoldthatglitters.
2.全部否定
英语中常用not,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere,neither,never等表示全部否定的概念。
eg.Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.世上无难事,只怕有心人。
eg.W:Daddy,I'vedecidedtogiveupscienceandgotobusinessschool.
M:Well,itisyourchoiceaslongaspayyourownway,butIshouldwarnyouthatnoteveryonewithabusinessdegreewillmakeasuccessfulmanager.
Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?
A.Themandoesn'thavemoneyforhisdaughter'sgraduatestudies.
B.Themandoesn'tthinkhisdaughterwillgetabusinessdegree.
C.Themaninsiststhathisdaughtershouldpursueherstudiesinscience.
D.Themanadviseshisdaughtertothinkcarefullybeforemakingherdecision.
1.在阅读当中出现的频率更高一些。在一个句子中出现两个否定词:not,never,hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,few,little,none等,双重否定表示肯定的概念。
eg.Noonecancommandotherswhocannotcommandhimself.
Aperpsoncancommandotherswhocommandhimself.正人先正己。
eg.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.
如果没有能力进行批判性思维,维护自己的观点,并理解他人的观点,他们就不能充分的参与我们的民主政治中来。
eg.Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.一个男人可以拥有很多的领带。
Awomancanneverhavetoomanydresses.一个女人拥有再多的衣服也不为过。
eg.Wecanhardlypraisehisachievementtoomuch.对他的成就我们无论怎样赞扬也不过分。
eg.Amothercanneverbepatientenoughwithherchild.一个母亲对她的孩子再怎
Ateachercanneverbestrictenoughwithhisstudents.一个老师对他的学生再怎么严格也不为过。
3.形式肯定,意义否定
①moreAthanB意思为“是A不是B;与其说是B,不如说是A”
eg.Thebookseemstobemoreadictionarythanagrammar.这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书,不如说是一本词典。
Heismoreacomposerthanasinger.与其说他是一个歌唱家不如说他是一个创作者。
②anythingbut意思为“一点都不是,根本不是,绝对不是”
eg.Iamanythingbutateacher.我一定不是一个老师。
eg.Iwilldoanythingbutthat.我决不干那件事。
③nomore....than与notmore....than
nomore...than意为“两者都不....”
eg.Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthayone.这本书和那本书一样特别没趣。
notmore....than意为“两者都肯定,前者不如后者”
eg.Thisbookisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.这本书不如那本书有趣。
eg.Thisboyisnotmorehonestthanthatone.这两男孩都很诚实,前面的男孩不如后面的男孩诚实。
Thisboyisnomorehonestthanthatone.这两个男孩都不诚实。
nomorethan强调“少”,译作“只有、不过、仅仅”
eg.Hesaidnomorethanwehadexpected.他只是说了我们所预料的而已。
eg.Thoughtheythinkittakesnomorethanthreedaystofulfillthemission,Ibelieveittakesnotlessthansixdays.虽然他们认为完成这任务只需三天,但我却认为至少需要六天。
notmorethan是客观叙述,意为“不超过”。
eg.Hehasnotmorethanfivedollarsonhim.他身上带的钱不超过五美元。
eg.Heisnotmorethan10yearsold.他最多不超过10岁。
M:Wow,that'sabigassignmentwe'vegotforthepsychologyclass.W:Well,it'snotasbadasitlooks.Itisn'tdueuntilThursdaymorning.Q:Whatdoesthewomenmean?。
A.Theassignmentlookseasybutactuallyit'squitedifficult.
B.Theassighmentistoodifficultforthemtocompleteontime.C.TheycannotfinishtheassighmentuntilThursday.D.Theyhaveplentyoftimetoworkontheassighment.
M:IranintoourfriendMarkyesterdayonthestreetandhesaidhehadn'theardfromyoufortwomonths.
W:Yes,Iknow.ButI'vebeentoobusytophonehim.
Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?
A.ThemansawMarkonthestreettwomonthsago.B.ThewomanhadforgottenMark'sphonenumber.C.ThewomanmadeaphonecalltoMarkyesterday.D.Markandthewomanhadnotbeenintouchforsometime.
阅读当中:eg.Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2,000productsandfoundmanytoowagueortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards.(0506阅读)
调查者将约2,000种产品上所标有的环保声明记录了下来,发现许多声明要么过于模糊,要么误导性太强,都不符合ISO标准。
eg."Humansshouldnottrytoavoidstressanymorethantheywouldshunfood,loveorexercise."saidDr.HansSelye,thefirstphysiciantodocumenttheeffectsofstressonthebody.(0512阅读)
人们不应该躲避压力就像他们不应该躲避食物、爱情或锻炼身体一样,nomore....than...=not....anymorethan...
eg.Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,mostofthemillegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSouthAmerica.(0606阅读)
这些被捕获的人绝对不是恐怖分子,他们之中大多数人只是中南美洲的非法移民。
eg.Stickingtothelowendofgovernmentestimates,theNationalResourcesDefenseCouncilsaystheremaybenomorethan3.2billionbarrelsofeconomicallyrecoverableoilinthecoastalplainofANWR,adropinthebucketthatwoulddovirtuallynothingtoeaseAmerica'senergyproblems.(0506阅读)
国家资源防御委员会坚信政府勘探预测中数据的下限,认为在ANWR的沿岸平原地带可以经济性开采的石油只有32亿桶。这个数量对于缓解美国的能源问题实际上起不到什么作用,简直是沧海一粟。
总结:
3.双重否定:①在一个句子中出现两个否定词;②形式否定,意义肯定
5.nomore....than与notmore....than;nomorethan与notmorethan