Americansarepoundoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?
Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilian(百姓的)clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsuniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity(身份)thantostepoutofuniform?
Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible(可减税的).Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.
Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.
Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.
练习题：
Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:
1.ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality________.
A.stilljudgeamanbyhisclothes
B.holdtheuniforminsuchhighregard
C.enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentity
D.willrespectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform
2.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatamaninuniform________.
B.discardshissocialidentity
C.appearstobemorepractical
D.lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes
3.Thechieffunctionofauniformisto________.
A.providepracticalbenefitstothewearer
B.makethewearercatchthepubiceye
C.inspirethewearer’sconfidenceinhimself
D.providethewearerwithaprofessionalidentity
4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewearinguniforms________.
B.havelittleornoindividualfreedom
C.tendtolosetheirindividuality
5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.
B.TheImportanceofWearingaUniform
C.PracticalBenefitsofWearingaUniform
D.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofUniforms
1.[B]事实细节题。根据文章首句转折词yet后面的信息“尽管美国人很为他们的多样性和个性自豪，但是没有什么比制服更让他们喜爱与尊敬的了”结合核心词uniform及同义表达(hold…inhighregard即respect),故选B。
2.[A]推理判断题。根据第2段第2句“人们习惯性地期望穿制服的人有较高的专业素质”，故选A。选项D错在用superior来比较人了，文中用的是superiorquality。
3.[D]主旨大意题。根据第2段首句“theylookmoreprofessionalthancivilianclothes”及尾句的反问“Whateasierwayisthere…toloseprofessionalidentitythantostepoutofuniform?”选含有高频词汇professional的D。
4.[C]推理判断题。根据第4段首句中的“lossofindividuality”进行同义替换,选C。
5.[D]主旨大意题。根据第2至4段首句的对比,对于文章最好的概括为选项D“制服的优缺点”。
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