2018年6月英语四级阅读200篇第34篇：决定婴儿性别思维导图

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2023-03-15

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　　Henry III didn't know much about biology. He went through six wives back in the 1500s, looking for one whocould bear him a son. Scientists now know that it's the father's sperm, n

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2018年6月英语四级阅读200篇第34篇：决定婴儿性别思维导图模板大纲

HenryIIIdidn'tknowmuchaboutbiology.Hewentthroughsixwivesbackinthe1500s,lookingforonewhocouldbearhimason.Scientistsnowknowthatit'sthefather'ssperm,notthemother'segg,whichdetermineswhetherababyisaboyoragirl.AndlastweekresearchersattheGeneticsandIVFInstitute,aprivatefertility(生育能力)centerinVirginia,announcedanewtechniquethatwillallowparentstochoosethesexoftheirbaby-to-be,beforeithasevenbeenconceived.ThescientistusedatinylaserdetectortomeasuretheDNAinmillionsofspermcellsastheypasssinglefilethroughanarrowtube,likecattlebeingherdedthroughacorral(牲口栏).Inastudypublishedlastweek,"girlsperm,"whichhasmoreDNA—thegeneticmaterial—ineachcell,wascollected,while"boysperm"wasdiscarded.Andwhenpurifiedgirlspermwasusedtoimpregnate(使受孕)agroupofmothers,15of17resultingbabiesturnedouttobegirls.

Theresearcherssaythat"sexselection"canalsodoubleamother'schanceofhavingasonandcanbeusedtoavoidgeneticdiseasesthataffectonlyonegender,suchashemophilia(血友病).Butsomeexperts,likeNewYorkUniversityfertilityspecialistDr.JamieGrifo,worrythatsexselectioncouldleadtoakindofinuteri(子宫)discrimination,especiallyincultureswheresonsareconsideredsuperiortodaughters."It'svaluingonegender'overanother,"Grifosays."Idon'tthinkthat'ssomethingweshouldbedoing."Sofar,patientsattheinstitutehavebeenaskingforbothboysandgirls,inorderto"balance"theirfamilies.Andsomeethicsexpertssaythat'sfine,aslongasparentsarejustlookingforalittlegendervariety."Ifyouhavethreeboys,andyouwantagirl,"saysUniversityofTexasreproductive-lawprofessorJohnRobertson,"that'snotgenderbiasatall."

练习题：

Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:

1.TheDNAinthespermcellscanbemeasured______.

A.inthesamewayhowthecattleareherded

B.whentheypassthroughatubeonebehindtheother

C.aftertheypassthroughalasertube

D.whentheyarescannedbyalaserdetectorallatatime

2.Thegenderofthebabyisdecidedby______.

A.thefather'sDNA

B.themother'sDNA

C.thefather'ssperm

D.themother'segg

3.Accordingtothispassage,thepracticeof"sexselection"______.

A.canhelptopreventallgeneticproblems

B.istotallyunacceptabletoethicsexperts

C.wasalreadyrealizedfivehundredyearsago

D.willbenefitfamilieswithcertaininheritablediseases

4.Girlspermwaspreferredtoboyspermintheresearchmostprobablybecause____

A.girlspermcontainsmoregeneticmaterial

B.moremotherwanttohavegirlbabies

C.girlspermishealthierandmoreactive

D.girlspermismoreeasilypurified

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatauthor’stoward”sexselection”is____

A.negative

B.positive

C.neutral

D.favorable

1.[B]推理判断题。解答本题的关键在于推断singlefile的意思。该句把精子通过试管的情形与牛群被赶入牲口圈的情形作对比，结合single一词本身的意思，可以推断singlefile是“一个接一个”的意思，只有选项B能表达这个意思，由此也可否定选项D。选项A最具干扰性，原句是把精子通过试管的情形比作牛群被赶人牲口圈的情形，而选项A说的是测定精子内DNA的方法与放牧的方法相同，显然选项A只是引用了原文的某些词语，但表达的意思与原文却截然不同。

2.[C]事实细节题。第1段第3句which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰的是thefather'ssperm，而不是插入语themother’segg,因此选项C正确。

3.[D]推理判断题。第2段第1句中的genetic暗示有些疾病是遗传的，即如选项D所述。第2段第1句同时表明选项A的说法是不全面的。选项B与第2段最后两句正好相反。第1段前两句说明选项C是错误的。

4.[A]事实细节题。第1段倒数第2句中的由which引导的定语从句表明选项A的叙述正确。

5.[C]观点态度题。文章第2段中作者给出了一些反对者和赞成者的观点，但是没有加以评论，可以看出作者的态度是中立的，故选项C正确。

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