Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothingnewinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.AndanylargeorrichcityisgoingtoattractpoorS1._____immigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesofprosperityS2._____whicharethenoftendisappointing.TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereS3._____ontheedgeofseventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewisthescale.DescriptionsS4._____writtenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorofMexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,S5._____areverydissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday-theS6._____poorcanstillbenumberedinmillions.Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditliestwomyths:themythofthecityasaS7._____promisedland,thatattractsimmigrantsfromruralpovertyS8._____andbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythoftheS9._____countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,S10._____sendsthemfloodingoutagaintothesuburbs.
答案及注解:S1new---anew,one指代前面出现的可数名词时,如果有形容词修饰,前面应该加冠词。本句意为:一些城市丧失了初衷,却没有找到新的方向。S2filling---filled,主与和动词是被动关系。实际上befilledwith表示“充满……”是一个固定句型。S3asthough---as,justas表示“正如”,引导的是比较状语从句。本句并非asthough(仿佛,好像)引导的虚拟状语从句。本句意为:现在孟买和巴西利亚周边有一些落后的城镇,正如17世纪伦敦和19世纪初巴黎周边也有一些落后的城镇一样。S4This---what,Thisisnewisthescale。显然不合语法,句意也说不通。连接代词what引导主语从句,what同时还在主语从句中充当主语成分。S5was---were,that引导的定语从句的先行词是表示复数意思的contrasts,根据主谓一致原则was应改为were.S6dissimilar---similar,用dissimilar上下文语义矛盾,故而改用similar。S7lies---lie,but后的分句是个完全倒装句,介词短语behindit提前,主谓倒装,因主语是twomyths,所以谓语动词lie不能用单数形式。S8that---which,that不能引导非限定性定语从句。其实本句是一个由and连接的平行结构,在这个平行结构的后半部分插入了一个时间状语afewgenerationslate。S9it---then,bring的宾语指的是immigrants,it指代immigrants不恰当。S10later---later,此处是一个副词短语做时间状语。Late作为副词意为“迟,晚”,例如:Thebusarrivedfiveminutelate.公共汽车迟到了五分钟。Later做副词则意为“后来,……之后”,例如:Fiveyearslater,hebecamealawyer.五年后他成了一名律师。