She suddenly heard someone knocking at the door. 她突然听到有人敲门。(正在进行)
She kept us waiting here for an hour.她让我们在这等了一个小时了。(一直处于某种状态)
I heard the song sung.我听到有人唱这首歌。(song 与sing 之间是被动关系)
表示劝请、要求的动词后常用带to的不定式作宾补,这类动词有
want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like/love/prefer 等。以上动词可用于~ sb to do sth.结构
在使役动词malke, let, have 后,一般用不带 to 的不定式作宾补,但在其被动式后作主语补足语时,要加上 to
He made his son study English. 他让儿子学习英语
His son was made to study English. 他儿子被要求学习英语。
help 作宾补时,不定式带不带 to均可
He helped me (to) clean the room. 他帮我清洁房间。
want, wish 等后接 to be done 作宾补时 to be 可省略,直接用过去分词作宾补
Time permitting (=If time permits), we'd better have a meeting this Friday afternoon. 如果时间允许,我们最好本周五开个会。
His voice drowned by the noise (=As his voice was drowned by the noise), our headmas-
ter interrupted his lecture. 校长的声音被嘈杂声淹没,他于是中断了演讲。
独立结构中的逻辑主语前有时可以加 with 或 without,作伴随状语或定语
He sat in the chair with his legs crossed. 他坐在椅子上,腿交叉着。
有些分词短语可 以独立存在,在句子中没有逻辑上的主语而实际上已经变成了习惯用法
Judging from what he said, she must be an honest girl. 根据他所说的来判断,地应该是一个诚实的女孩