例句:I heard that they were going toreturn to Shanghai soon. 我听说他们不久要回到上海。
现在分词短语作状语
现在分词作时间状语
例句:There areseveral things to consider when buying fresh foods. 当购买新鲜食品时,有几个事情要考虑。
现在分词作条件状语
例句:Working hard,you will succeed. 如果努力工作,你将会成功。
现在分词作伴随状语
例句:All night longhe lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。
现在分词作方式状语
例句:Please answerthe question using another way. 请用另一种方法回答问题。
现在分词作原因状语
例句:Not knowingher address, I can’t write to her.由于不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信。
现在分词作结果状语
例句:Possessing a car gives a much greater degree ofmobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. 拥有汽车使机动程度更高,使司机能自由自在地往来各地。
现在分词作让步状语
例句:Although working from morning till night his fatherdidn’t get enough food.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干,但是还是挣不够吃的。
句型
it做形式主语,句子做逻辑主语
如果主语太长,常用代词 it 作形式主语,将真正的主语从句置于句尾,以保持句式的平衡。
例句:It makes no difference what you read or study ifyou can’t remember it. 如果你记不住,那么你读什么或者学什么都不重要了。
部分倒装:否定词前置
hardly/scarcely…when…
例句:Hardly had she gone out when a student came tovisit her.她刚一出门,一个学生就来拜访她。
no sooner…than…
例句:No sooner had the game begun than it began to rainheavily.比赛刚一开始就下起了雨。
so...as to 结构
表示“如此......以至于......”
例句:The girl was so excited as to shout herself hoarse.那个女孩兴奋得喊哑了嗓子。
even if 引导的让步状语从句:“即使”
例句: Even if we achieve great success in our work, weshould not be proud.即使我们在工作中取得了巨大成绩,也不应该自满。
when 引导的状语从句
when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用。
例句:Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?
when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。
例句:When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。
that 引导的宾语从句
名词从句作动词宾语时,前面的that常被省略,特别是在非正式语体中。
例句:I suggested (that) they should drive along thecoast. 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。
which 引导的主语从句
例句:Which book they will choose is still unknown. 他们将选择哪本书仍然不被人知。
there be句型
表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为There be (is,are,was, were )+名词+地点状语。
例句:There are fifty-two students in our class. 教室里有52个学生。
情态动词表推测
对现在、将来情况的推测,用情态动词+动词原形
对现在、将来情况的肯定推测:must+动词原形
例句:He must be sleeping.他一定在睡觉。
对现在、将来情况的否定推测:can’t +动词原形
例句:He can’tbe reading.他不能读书。
对现在、将来情况的可能推测:may/might +动词原形
例句:He may/might be reading but I’m not sure.他可能/可能正在阅读,但我不确定。
对过去情况的推测,用情态动词+have donesth.
对过去情况的肯定推测:must+have done sth.
例句:It must / may / might / have rained last night.它必须/可能/可能/昨晚下雨。
对过去情况的否定推测:can’t +have donesth.
例句:He cannot not havebeen at home.他不可能(可能)不在家。
对过去情况的可能推测:may/might +have done sth.
例句:He may ( might ) not havebeen at home.他不能/可能(可能)不在家。
长句子语法结构分析
例句:Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.