The tense and aspect of verbs思维导图

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2023-08-30

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Past Progressive

Indicates an action that was in progress at a certain time in the past

e.g. They were building a dam last winter.

Indicates a habitual action in the past

e.g. My brother was always losing his keys.

Indicates actions in the past and future time

e.g. They were leaving a few days later.

Indicates actions in present time and future time

Indicates a gentle tone

e.g. I hope you can send me some books.

Indicates subjective assumptions

e.g. I wish they were not talking so loudly.

Simple past

Indicates the past time

e.g. He left ten minutes ago.

Indicates past habitual actions and once existing states

e.g. He worked in a bank all his life. e.g. He used to smoke a lot,but he has long given up smoking.

Indicates present time and future time

Expressing a gentle tone

e.g. I wandered if you could give me some help?

It's time..., I wish..., i'd rather...+that-分句,以及在某些条件句中，表示主观设想

e.g. It's time you had a holiday. e.g. Suppose we spent next week in Brighton?e.g. He looks as if he was sick.

Present Perfective

The action or process occurs before speaking, at an unspecified past time

e.g. He's turned off the light.

The action or state starts from a certain time in the past, continues to the present, may continue, or may have just ended

e.g. He's lived here since 1960.

Present Perfective　Progressive

The action or state starts from a certain time in the past, continues to the present, may continue, or may have just ended

e.g. I've been sitting in the garden.

Has the meaning of continuity, temporality, and incompleteness

e.g. Who's eaten my dinner?

Past Perfective

Indicates an action or state has been completed or ended before a certain time in the past

e.g. I had written the article when they came.

Indicates that an action or state has started before a certain time in the past and continues until this past time, and has not yet ended, there is still a possibility of continuing

e.g. By six o'clock they had worked 12 hours.

Indicates subjective assumptions that are contrary to past evens

e.g. If only you had told me before.

Prsent Progressive

Indicates the action being taken while speaking

e.g. We're all waiting for you.

Indicates the acyions that have been ongoing at this stage

e.g. Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics.

Indicates the actions that will happen in the near future are arranged according to the plan

e.g. I will think about it while you are writing the report.

Other usage

Indicates the actions just past

e.g. I don't know what you are talking about.

Indicates a soft tone

e.g. I'm hoping you'll give us some adivice.

Simple present

Indicates an objective existence without a time limit.

e.g. The earth rotates on its axis.

Indicates present habitual movements

e.g. He always sleeps with his windows o pen.

Indicates present state and present instant actions.

e.g. What do you think,Jane?

Indicates future time

I hope/bet+that-分句

e.g. I hope you have a good time.

see (to it) / make sure / make certian+that-分句

e.g. I'll see (to it) / make sure / make certain (that) you don't get lost.

if / when 引导的条件分句和时间分句

e.g. If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the countryside.

Indicates the past time

e.g. I hear poor old Mrs Smith has lost her son.

Past Perfective Progressive

Indicates that an action starts from the past and continues until a certain point in the past. At a certain point in the past, this action may have just stopped or may still be ongoing

e.g. I'd been working for some time when he called.

A clause guided by conjunctions such as when, before, after, until

e.g. I reached the station after the train had left.