过程控制系统Process Control System思维导图

U9106782758

2025-08-28

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控制系统

系统结构

系统定义

单回路反馈控制系统，串级控制系统相关内容讲解

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思维导图大纲

单回路反馈控制系统Single-loop Feedback Control System

结构：被控对象、检测变送单元、控制器、执行器、控制阀Structure: Controlled object, detection and transmission unit, controller, actuator, control valve

操纵变量的选择：可控性、有效性、最小干扰原则Selection of Manipulated Variables: Controllability, Effectiveness, and Minimum Interference Principle

控制阀的选择:口径大小、开闭形式、流量特性、结构形式Selection of Control Valves: Port Size, Opening/Closing Type, Flow Characteristics, and Structural Style.

系统的关联：指系统内部各元素之间，以及系统与外部环境之间的连接和相互作用System correlation: refers to the connections and interactions between elements within a system, as well as between the system and the external environment.

串级控制系统Cascade control system

定义：两个或多个控制器串联连接，副控制器的输出作为主控制器的设定值Definition: Two or more controllers are connected in series, with the output of the secondary controller serving as the setpoint for the primary controller.

结构：主回路、副回路、主控制器、副控制器Structure: Main loop, secondary loop, main controller, secondary controller.

特点:改善了被控过程的动态特性、提高了系统的工作频率、具有较强的抗干扰性能、具有较强的自适应能力Features: Improved dynamic characteristics of the controlled process, increased system operating frequency, strong anti-interference capability, and enhanced adaptive capacity.

比值控制系统Ratio control system

定义：实现两个或两个以上参数符合一定比例关系的控制系统Definition: A control system designed to maintain two or more parameters in a specific proportional relationship.

结构：主控制器、比值控制器、控制阀、流量对象、主对象Structure: Primary controller, ratio controller, control valve, flow object, main object

特点：能显著提高生产效率与产品质量、具有良好的抗干扰能力、动态响应速度要求高Features: Significantly improves production efficiency and product quality, exhibits strong anti-interference capability, and requires high dynamic response speed.

前馈控制系统Feedforward Control System

定义：干扰发生后，被控量还未显现出变化之前，控制器就产生了控制作用Definition: The controller generates a control action after a disturbance occurs but before the controlled variable shows any change.

结构：干扰源、前馈控制器、控制通道、干扰通道、被控量Structure: Disturbance source, feedforward controller, control channel, disturbance channel, controlled variable.

特点:在干扰影响输出之前就提前行动、响应极快，特别适合处理大滞后过程 Features: Takes action before disturbances affect the output, responds extremely quickly, and is particularly suitable for processes with significant time delays.

第五章思维导图