电力电子技术Power Electronics思维导图

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2025-08-28

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器件介绍

电路讲解

工作原理

器件，逆变电路相关内容讲解

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思维导图大纲

器件Device

不可控型：电力二极管Uncontrollable type: Power diode

结构：由一个PN结和两端引线以及封装组成Structure：It is composed of a PN junction and two terminal leads

P层:作为阳极，提供大量的空穴 P-layer: serves as the anode and provides a large number of holes.

N层:作为阴极，提供大量的电子 N-layer: serves as the cathode and provides a large number of electrons.

工作原理：正向偏置导通，反向偏置关断Working Principle： Conducts when forward-biased, blocks when reverse-biased.

半控型：晶闸管Semi-controlled type: Thyristor

结构：晶闸管是一个由四层半导体（P-N-P-N）叠合而成的三端器件。Structure： a three-terminal device composed of four alternating semiconductor layers (P-N-P-N).

工作原理：门极电流触发，持续导通。Working principle: Triggered by gate current, sustains conduction thereafter.

全控型：电力晶体管Fully-controlled type：Giant Transistor

结构：由三层半导体形成的两个PN结构成，多采用NPN结构。Structure: Composed of three semiconductor layers forming two PN junctions, typically adopting an NPN configuration.

工作原理：通过控制基极(B)的电流的大小，来控制集电极(C)和发射极(E)之间的大电流的通断和大小，使其工作于饱和或截止的开关状态Working Principle: The magnitude of the base (B) current controls the switching and amplitude of the large current between the collector (C) and emitter (E), enabling operation in either saturation (on) or cutoff (off) switching states.

逆变电路Inverter Circuit

工作原理：通过有规律地控制一组开关器件的通断，强制改变直流电流的流动路径，从而在负载两端形成交变的电压和电流。Working Principle：By regularly controlling the switching states of a set of power electronic devices, the path of DC current is forcibly altered, thereby generating alternating voltage and current across the load.

换流方式Commutation Methods

器件换流：利用器件自身的特性进行关断。Device Commutation: Utilizes the inherent characteristics of the device for turn-off.

电网换流：由电网提供环流电压 Line Commutation: The commutation voltage is provided by the power grid.

负载换流：由负载提供换流电压 Load Commutation: The commutation voltage is provided by the load.

电压型逆变电路Voltage Source Inverter

工作原理：一个电压源型的直流输入，通过桥式开关的切换，在输出侧产生交变的电压波形。Working Principle: A DC voltage source is periodically switched by a bridge circuit to generate an alternating voltage waveform at the output.

结构：直流电源、开关桥臂、驱动电路、滤波电路、负载Structure: DC power supply, switching bridge arm, drive circuit, filter circuit, load

驱动电路：控制开关器件的通断时序Function: Controls the switching timing of power devices

滤波电路：将脉冲电压平滑为正弦交流电压。Function: Smoothes pulsed voltage into sinusoidal AC voltage.

电流型逆变电路Current Source Inverter

工作原理：一个电流源型的直流输入，通过开关的切换，将恒定的直流电流分配到负载的各相，在输出侧产生交变的电流波形。Working Principle: A current-source DC input is switched by power devices to distribute a constant DC current to each phase of the load in a specific sequence, thereby generating an alternating current waveform on the output side.

结构：直流电流源、直流侧大电感、开关桥臂、交流侧电容Structure: DC current source, large DC-side inductor, switching bridge arm, AC-side capacitor

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