计算机控制技术Conputer Control Technology思维导图

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2025-08-16

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控制器设计

数字控制器

控制系统

计算机控制系统，通用接口技术相关内容讲解

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思维导图大纲

计算机控制系统 Computer control system

概念：是利用计算机参与控制并通过一些辅助部件与被控对象相联系，以实现特定控制的系统 Conception:a system that utilizes computers to participate in control processes and connects to the controlled object through auxiliary components to achieve specific control objectives.

组成The composition

硬件：主机，过程通道，接口，控制操作台Hardware: Contoller, Process Channel, Interface, Control Console

软件：系统软件，应用软件Software: System Software, Application Software

应用：监督控制系统，现场总线控制系统Application: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System, Fieldbus Control System

基本通用接口技术 Basic General-Purpose Interface Technology

通用输入/输出接口：General Purpose Input/Output Interface

输入接口：用来从外部设备接收信息 Input Interface:Used to receive information from external devices.

输出接口：用来给外部设备传输信息 Output Interface: Used to transmit data to external devices.

人机交互设备与计算机的接口： Interface between Human-Computer Interaction Devices and Computers

作用：用与人机交互设备和计算机之间的信息传输Function: Used for information transmission between human-computer interaction devices and computers.

打印机与微型计算机的接口： Interface between the Printer and the Computer

作用：用于计算机和打印机之间的信息传输Function: Used for data transfer between computers and printers.

数字PID控制器设计 Design of Digital PID Controller

数字PID控制器Digital PID Controller

概念：将模拟控制器离散化为数字控制器，并由计算机来实现。Concept: Discretize an analog controller into a digital controller, which is then implemented by a computer.

PID调节器：P是比例，I是积分，D是微分，调节器按其功能或实现的调节规律分成P、D、I 和PI、PD、PID等PID Regulator:P is the proportion, I is the integral, and D is the differential. Regulators are categorized by their function or the control law they implement into P, D, I, PI, PD, PID, etc.

P调节器：比例控制器P Controller: Proportional Controller

特点：减小系统稳态误差，降低系统相对稳定性Characteristics: Reduces the steady-state error of the system, but decreases its relative stability.

PD调节器:比例-微分控制器

特点：可以降低系统的振荡，改善系统动态特性。Characteristics: It can reduce system oscillations and improve the dynamic response of the system.

PI调节器：比例-积分控制器PD Controller: Proportional-Derivative Controller

特点：消除系统的稳态误差，改善系统稳态特性Characteristics: Eliminates the steady-state error of the system and improves its steady-state performance.

PID调节器：比例—积分—微分控制器PID Controller: Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller

特点：消除系统的稳态误差，改善系统稳态特性，降低系统的振荡，改善系统动态特性。Characteristics: Eliminates the steady-state error of the system, improves its steady-state performance, reduces system oscillations, and enhances dynamic performance.

数字控制器的直接设计方法 Direct Design Method for Digital Controllers

最少拍数字控制器Dead-Beat Digital Controller

最少拍控制：要求闭环系统对于某种特定的输入在最少个采样周期内达到无静差的稳态Dead-Beat Control: It requires the closed-loop system to reach a steady state without static error in the minimum number of sampling periods for a specific inpu

特点：可实现性和稳定性Characteristics: Realizability and Stability

最少拍无纹波控制器Dead-Beat Ripple-Free Controller

设计：最少拍控制存在波纹时，对期望闭环响应φ(z)进行修正Design: When ripple occurs in deadbeat control, the desired closed-loop response φ(z) needs to be modified.

目的：消除采样点之间纹波 Purpose: To eliminate inter-sampling ripple

纹波：控制量序列的波动引起的Ripple: Caused by fluctuations in the control variable sequence

达林算法：一种用于离散时间系统控制的算法Dahlin's Algorithm: A control algorithm used for discrete-time systems.

目的：设计一个控制器，使系统的输出能够按照预期轨迹响应。Goal: To design a controller for tracking a prescribed output trajectory.

9.战斗的基督教思维导图