在英语四级考试中,针对词义辨析而设计的题目占据了不小的比重。为了引起广大读者注意,本文从历届考题中选出一些涉及形近词辨异的题目并试析如下。
只选取了一部分英语四级形近词的进行辨异,大家看完本文可以自己动手进行总结,这样对你们会非常大有好处的,不过这样做的前提条件是你有充足的时间。
inquire询问,查询。常用的搭配有inquiresth.ofsb.询问;inquireabout/upon查问;inquireafter(one'shealth)问候;inquireinto调查。如:Heinquiredofallthatwerepresent.
request请求;要求。如:Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.
require需要;要求。如:Werequireextrahelp.
Ifyouwanttoknowthetrainschedule,pleaseatthebookingoffice.(95.1)
A)acquireB)inquireC)requestD)require
译文:如果你想了解列车时刻表,请咨询售票处。答案是B.
affect影响,感动,相当于influence.如;Theclimateaffectedhishealth.
effect产生,引起,用作名词时表示效果、效应。如:Thewareffectedchangesallovertheworld.
Onceoutoftheearth‘sgravity,theastronautisbytheproblemofweightlessness.(94.1)
A)affectedB)effectedC)inclinedD)related
译文:一旦摆脱了地球的引力,宇航员就被失重问题所困扰。答案是A.
arise产生,出现。如:Beforetheywentout,amistarose.
rise上升。如:Thesunrisesintheeast.
raise举起,升起,提出。如:Asunkenshipwasraisedtothesurfaceofthesea.
arouse唤醒,引起,激起。如:Hisbehaviorarousedsuspicion.
(注:四个词中,arise与rise为不及物动词)
Acompletelynewsituationwillwhentheexaminationsystemcomesintoexistence.(95.6)
A)ariseB)riseC)raiseD)arouse
译文:这种考试制度一旦出现,将会出现一个崭新的局面。答案是A.
Ourhopesandfellinthesameinstant.(01.6)
A)aroseB)raisedC)roseD)aroused
emergency紧急情况,不测事件。如:Howwillthedisabledescapeinanemergency?
urgency紧迫性,紧要程度,催逼。如:Thereisnourgencyaboutthismatter.
Afireenginemusthavepriorityasitusuallyhastodealwithsomekindof.(02.12)
A)precautionB)crisisC)emergencyD)urgency
译文:救火车必须有优先权,因为它一般要对付某种紧急情况。答案是C.
extensive广博的,广泛的。如:Heisascholarwithanextensiveknowledgeofhissubject.
expansive可扩大的,可扩展的。如:Theseareexpansivematerials.
intensive强烈的,精深的,密集的。如:Theymadeanintensivestudyofthesubject.
expensive费用大的,昂贵的。如:Thecaristooexpensivetobuy.
Itisquitenecessaryforaqualifiedteachertohavegoodmannersandknowledge.(96.1)
A)extensiveB)expansiveC)intensiveD)expensive
译文:一个合格的教师必须具有良好的举止和广博的知识。答案是A.
fee(职业性的咨询或服务所收)费用,报名费,会费。如:doctor‘sfees/amembershipfee
fare(车、船等)费用,购票所需费用。如:Trainfaresaregoingupagain.
Urbancrowdednesswouldbegreatlyrelievedifonlythechargedonpublictransportweremorereasonable.(02.12)
A)feesB)faresC)paymentsD)costs
译文:只要公共交通的收费更合理一些,城市的拥塞情况就可大大缓解。答案是B.
fluid流体,流动的。如:Thepoliticalsituationwasfluidthen.
fluent流畅的,流利的。如:HestudiedabroadforfiveyearsandspokefluentEnglish.
flowing流动的,飘垂的。如:Shehaslonghairflowingdownherback.
ThoughhewasbornandbroughtupinAmerica,hecanspeakChinese.(01.6)
A)fluidB)smoothC)fluentD)flowing
译文:虽然他生在美国,长在美国,却能讲流利的汉语。答案是C.
live现场直播的,有生命的。如:Theconcertwillbebroadcastlivetomorrow.Livefish
lively有生气的,鲜明的,生动的。如:Sheisaslivelyasabird.
alive活的,有效力的,活动的。如:Heisthegreatestmanalive.bealivewith(因……而活沃)
living活着的,逼真的,强烈的。如:Sheisthelivingimageofhergrandma.
ThefootballgamecomestoyoufromNewYork.(02.1)
A)liveB)livelyC)aliveD)living
译文:你收看的(美式)足球比赛是从纽约现场直播的。答案是A.
preserve保护,保藏,维持。如:Deepfreezingisagoodwaytopreservefood.
reserve储备,预定,留作专用。如:Ireservedthreeroomsatthehotel.
retain保持,保留,雇用。如:Sheretainsagoodmemoryofherchildhood.
sustain支撑,维持,蒙受。如:Thelightshelfwon‘tsustainallthesebooks.
We‘dliketoatableforfivefordinnerthisevening.(02.6)
A)preserveB)reserveC)retainD)sustain
译文:我们想预定一张今晚五人用餐的餐桌。答案是B.
symbol符号,象征。如:Redisasymbolofdanger.
sign记号,告示,迹象。如:Therearesignsofsorrowonherface.
signal信号,讯号。如:Theshipissendingoutsignalsforhelp.
symptom症状,表征。如:Apersistentcoughmaybeasymptomofpneumonia.
Manypeoplelikewhitecolorasitisaofpurity.(02.6)
A)symbolB)signC)signalD)symptom
valid有效的,有充分根据的。如:Thecontractisvalidforsixmonths.
vain无益的,徒然的,自负的。如:Shemadeavainattempttopersuadehimtocome
vacant空的,未被占用的,空虚的。如:Heappliedforavacantposition.
vague不清楚的,含糊的,茫然的。如:Ihaven‘tthevaguestideaofwhattheywant.
Theneighborhoodboysliketoplaybasketballonthatlot.(02.6)
A)validB)vainC)vacantD)vague