Theworldhasbecomeaworldofcities.Withthepresentrateofurbangrowth(3.8%intheThirdWorld),themajorityofthepopulationoftheworldwillbelivingincitiesbytheyear2000.Thiswilltransformtherural-urbanequationwhichhasmarkedthehistoryofmankinduptonowandwillcallfornewexampleandagreatdealofinnovationtofacethisphenomenon.
Thisbeingso,onemustacceptthefactthatforsomeyearstocome,nopolicywillbecapableofstoppingorreversingthepresentmigratorytrendfromtheruralareastothecitiesintheThirdWorld.InAfrica,theurbanpopulationwillreach330millionpeoplebytheendofthecenturyasagainst150millionin1995.
Thenumberofpeoplelivinginshanty-towns(贫富窟)willinevitablyincreaseinspiteoftheeffortstoimprovehousingconditions.Africaaloneneedstobuild12millionhousingunitsbetweennowandtheyear2000tomeetitsmostbasicneeds.InanILOstudy,M.S.V.Sethuramanestimatesthatin70Third"Worldcitiestheproportionofpeoplelivinginshanty-townsvariesfrom15%to70%andthataboutUS$116billionisrequiredtogiveminimumcomforttothesepeoplebytheturnofthecentury—lessthanUS$10billionperyear.
Theworldpopulationisgrowingatarateofabout90millionpeopleperyear,withtheThirdWorldaccountingfor80millionofthem.Thepressureoncitiescanonlygoonincreasing.Theurbanpopulationofthedevelopingcountrieswillexceed2billionpeoplebytheyear2000andsincethemainreasonforthehighdemographic(人口统计的)growthispoverty,theadditionalpopulationwillbemostlymadeofpeopleofverylimitedmeans.
21.Iftheurbanpopulationofthedevelopingcountriesexceeds2billionpeoplebytheyear2000,themainproblemtheadditionalpeoplewillfaceis______.
22.Accordingtothepassage,"aboutUS$116billionisrequiredtogiveminimumcomforttothesepeoplebytheturnofthecentury—lessthanUS$10billionperyear."Doyouthinkwhichyearwasthearticlewrittenbysaying"lessthan$10billionperyear"bytheturnofthecentury?
23.Themankindshouldfacethephenomenonthattheworldhasbecomeaworldofcitieswith______.
B.effortstoimprovehousingcondition
C.pressureofthebasicneeds
D.newmodelsandagreatdealoftransformationofideasandmethods
24.InAfrica,peopleincitieswillbe______bytheendofthecentury.
A.almosttwiceasmuchasin1985B.doubledthanthatin1985
C.overtwiceasmuchasin1985D.300million
25.Inspiteoftheeffortstoimprovehousingcondition,thenumberofpeoplelivinginshanty-townswillincreasebecause______.
A.housesinshanty-townsarecheap
B.shanty-townscouldprovidepeoplewithminimumcomfort
C.nopolicywillbecapableofstoppingorchangingthepresentimmigranttendencyfromtheruralareastothecitiesintheThirdWorld
D.theThirdWordpopulationisgrowingatarateofabout80millionpeopleperyear