2017年6月大学英语四级阅读练习及答案(二十五)思维导图

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2023-03-16

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　　President Coolidge’s statement, "The business of America is business," still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American s

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itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopoly(垄断)ofpower.Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers’dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.

Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracyinpreservingfreedom.

Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasandexpressionoftheideaofequalityof

opportunityratherthanthearistocratic(贵族的)ideaofinheritedprivilege.

练习题：

Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:

1.Thestatement"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness"probablymeans"________".

A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce

B.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment

C.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

D.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly_____.

A.whengivenequalityofopportunity

B.throughdoingbusiness

C.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D.bywayofcompetition

3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

A.Honestbusinessmen.

B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.

C.Peoplewithidealsofequalityandfreedom

D.Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment.

4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby____.

A.itsabsolutecontrolofpower

B.itsfunctioninpreservingpersonalfreedom

C.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleadership

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves_____.

A.Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone’ssocialstatus

C.Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountries

D.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica

1.[C]词义理解题。回答本题的关键是理解business的两个不同的含义：①商业，生意;②职责，事物，事。句中前一个business的意思应当是“事物,职责”，而后一个business的意思应当是“商业”，因此C为正确答案。

2.[D]事实细节题。解题关键在于对第2段最后一句定语从句的理解。该句指出竞争是对基本美国价值的保护伞，故可知，D为正确答案。

3.[B]推理判断题。第3段提到，商业之间为利润而互相竞争，因此商人在竞争中能获利;而对待其顾客不好的商家会被友好地对待其顾客的商家在竞争中打败，因此顾客也能从竞争中获利，所以B为正确案。

4.[A]事实细节题。第4段第1句提到，商业与政府的不同之处在_商业是竞争性的，而政府是垄断性的，也即有着绝对的控制权，因此A为正确答案。

5.[B]推理判断题。第5段第3句提到，靠竞争而来的成功通常被看作是用来替代基于家庭背景的社会地位的成功的美国式的成功。”其言下之意是在别的国家成功不是靠竞争，而是靠社会地位，因此B为正确答案。

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