2017年大学英语四级阅读寒假练习题(23)思维导图

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2023-03-16

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　　英语四级阅读理解是英语四级考试中的重点部分，而随着时代的发展，英语四级中的阅读题型也在不断更替改变，下面是新东方网考研频道英语四级频道为大家整理的英语四级阅读寒假练习题，希望可以为大家带

树图思维导图提供《2017年大学英语四级阅读寒假练习题(23)》在线思维导图免费制作，点击“编辑”按钮，可对《2017年大学英语四级阅读寒假练习题(23)》进行在线思维导图编辑，本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题，文件编号是：bb5b3169b9f3ec3ad78e19ecaf72adb2

思维导图大纲

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Designingalenscanbecomparedtoplayingchess.Inchessaplayertriestotraphisopponent'skinginaseriesofmoves.Increatingalensalensdesignerattemptsto“trap”lightbyforcingalltheraysarisingfromasinglepointinthesubjecttofocusonasinglepointintheimage,asaconsequenceoftheirpassingthroughaseriesoftransparent(透明的)elementswithpreciselycurvedsurfaces.Sinceinbothcasestheultimategoalandthemeansbywhichitcanbeattainedareknown,oneistemptedtothinktherewillbeasinglebestdecisionatanypointalongtheway.Thenumberofpossibleconsequencesflowingfromanyonedecisionissolarge,however,astobevirtually,ifnotactually,infinite.Thereforeinlensdesign,asinchess,perfectsolutionstoaproblemarebeyondreach.Althoughthisarticlewillbeconcernedonlywiththedesignofphotographiclenses,thesameprinciplesapplytoalllenses.

Thelensdesignerhasoneenormousadvantageoverthechessplayer:thedesignerisfreetocallonanyavailablesourceofhelptoguidehimthroughthestaggeringnumberofpossibilities.Mostofthathelponcecamefrommathematicsandphysics,butrecentlycomputertechnology,informationtheory,chemistry,industrialengineeringandpsychophysicshaveallcontributedtomakingthelensdesigner'sjobimmeasurablymoreproductive.Someofthelensesonthemarkettodaywereinconceivableadecadeago.Otherswhosedesignisasmuchasacenturyoldcannowbemassproducedatlowcost.Withthedevelopmentofautomaticproductionmethods,lensesaremadebythemillions,bothoutofglassandoutofplastics.Today'slensesarebetterthanthebestlensesusedbythegreatphotographersofthepast.Moreover,theirpricemaylower,inspiteofthefactthat19thcenturycraftsmenworkedforonlyafewdollarsaweekandtoday'slensesaremorecomplex.Thelensdesignercannotfailtobegratefulforthescienceandtechnologythathavemadehisworkeasierandhiscreationsmorewidelyavailable,butheisalsohumbled:itisnolongerpracticalforafinephotographiclenstobedesignedfrombeginningtoendbyasinglehumanmind.

31.Lensdesignandchessplayingaresimilarinthat____.

A)thefinalgoalandthemeansbywhichitcanbereachedareknown

B)perfectsolutionstoaproblemcanbefound

C)anyonedecisionatanypointalongthewaytothegoalcanbringnumerouspossibleresults

D)bothAandC

32.Thefinalgoalofdesigningalensis____.

A)totraptheopponent'slenses

B)tofocuslightwithlenses

C)tohandmakelensesatlowcost

D)toreflectlightbymeansofcurvedsurfaces

33.Afterthepassagetheauthorwilltalkabout____.

A)theprinciplesofdesigninglenses

B)techniquesofmakingcontactlenses

C)thedesignofphotographiclenses

D)stylesoflenses

34.Whichofthefollowingwordscannotbeusedtodescribetoday'slenses?

A)Moredelicate.B)Cheaper.C)Numerous.D)Unpopular.

35.Lensdesignerstoday____.

A)havealargesourceofhelptofallbackonB)receivealowsalary

C)arelessrespectablethanthoseofthepastD)arenotdecisiveinthelensdesign

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