2017年12月英语四级阅读练习（六）思维导图

色色熊

2023-03-15

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　　For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemp

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2017年12月英语四级阅读练习（六）思维导图模板大纲

Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallockstodialtelephonestopenicillin,waspiecedtogetherfromtheanalysisofdataprovidedbyoneoranotherseriesofscientificexperiments.Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumaninter-living,longenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument.Voiceshavebeenraisedinprotestsincethebeginning,risinginpitchandviolenceinthenineteenthcenturyduringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,summoningurgentcrowdsintothestreetsontheissueofnuclearenergy."Giveitback,"saysomeofthevoices,"Itdoesn'treallywork,we'vetrieditanditdoesn'twork.Gobackthreehundredyearsandstartagainonsomethingelselesschancyfortheraceofman."Theprinciplediscoveriesinthiscentury,takingallinall,aretheglimpsesofthedepthofourignoranceofnature.Thingsthatusedtoseemclearandrational,andmattersofabsolutecertainty-Newtonianmechanics,forexample-haveslippedthroughourfingers;andweareleftwithanewsetofgiganticpuzzles,cosmicuncertainties,andambiguities.Someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears;somearecanceledoutright;someundergorevisedversionsoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.JustthirtyyearsagowecallitabiologicalrevolutionwhenthefantasticgeometryoftheDNAmoleculewasexposedtopublicviewandthelinearlanguageofgeneticswasdecoded.Forawhile,thingsseemedsimpleandclear:thecellwasaneatlittlemachine,amechanicaldevicereadyfortakingtopiecesandreassembling,likeatinywatch.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday'simagining.Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo,thereiseverythingtodo.Whatliesahead,orwhatcanlieaheadiftheeffortsinbasicresearcharecontinued,ismuchmorethantheconquestofhumandiseaseortheimprovementofagriculturaltechnologyorthecultivationofnutrientsinthesea.Aswelearnmoreaboutfundamentalprocessesoflivingthingsingeneralwewilllearnmoreaboutourselves.

52.WhatCANNOTbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?

[A]Scientificexperimentsinthepastthreehundredyearshaveproducedmanyvaluableitems.

[B]Forthreehundredyearstherehavebeenpeopleholdingahostileattitudetowardscience.

[C]Moderncivilizationdependsonsciencesomansupportsscientificprogressunanimously.

[D]Somepeoplethinkthreehundredyearsisnotlongenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofscientificmethod.

53.Theprinciplediscoveryinthiscenturyshows________.

[A]manhasoverthrownNewton'slawsofphysics

[B]manhassolvedanewsetofgiganticpuzzles

[C]manhaslostmanyscientificdiscoveries

[D]manhasgivenupsomeoftheonceacceptedtheories

54.Nowscientistshavefoundinthepastfewyears________.

[A]theexposureofDNAtothepublicisunnecessary

[B]thetinycellinDNAisaneatlittlemachine

[C]manknowsnothingaboutDNA

[D]manhasmuchtolearnaboutDNA

55.Thewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageistosaythat________.

[A]scienceisjustatitsbeginning

[B]sciencehasgreatlyimprovedman'slife

[C]sciencehasmadeprofoundprogress

[D]sciencehasdonetoolittletohumanbeings

56.Thewriter'sattitudetowardsscienceis________.

[A]critical[B]approving[C]neutral[D]regretful

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