情态意义表示法思维导图模板大纲
Ability and Possibility
Ability
Past
could(泛指）
eg.When I was young I could climb any tree.
was/were able to（特指，具体的能力）
eg.I was able to see her through the window.
Future
shall/will be able to
eg.I'll be able to speak German in another two months.
Possibility
can（用于否定句及疑问句，侧重于逻辑上的可能性）
eg.That can not be Mary--she is in hospital.
could（can的过去式，不受句型限制）
eg.It could not be true.
may（侧重事实上的可能性）
eg.She may know Tom's adress.
might(用作may的过去式, 当用来代替may,谈现在的情况，语气比may更委婉）
eg.He said he might be late.
Prediction and Predictability
Prediction（单纯表示将来）
will do(所有人称）
eg.It will rain tomorrow.
shall do(第一人称)
eg.I shall be a different person 3 years later.
Predictability
ought to
eg.She ought to pass her test.
should
eg.I should say she is over 40.
will/would
Specific Predictability
eg.Who's knocking at the door. That will be the postman.
Habitual Predictability
eg.Every day she'll sit there for hours doing nothing.
Timeless Predictability(只用will,表示现在时间)
eg.Oil will float on water.
Willingness,Intention and Determination
Willingness（意愿，肯做某事）
will（所有人称）
eg.I will lend you the money if you need it.
would(过去的意愿，常用于间接引语和过去时间语境中；表客气）
eg.I asked him if he would help me with my English.
shall（一般情况用于第一人称）
eg.Shall you take a holiday this summer?
Intention(意图，打算做某事）
shall（一般情况用于第一人称）
eg.You shall get a promotion.
Determination（决心，坚持做某事）
shall（一般情况用于第一人称）
eg.You shall obey my orders.
eg.You shall not have it;it's mine.
Permission and Prohibition
Permission
could(用作can的过去式，语气更委婉）
eg.Could I use your phone?
may（提出问题，问可不可以）
eg.May I use your phone?
might(用作may的过去式，语气更委婉）
eg. I asked if I might go home half an hour earlier.
Prohibition
may not(仅用于正式语体）
eg.Visitors may not feed the animals.
表示过去的不许可用not allow to
eg.He was not allowed to leave this place.
Other modal meanings
dare(胆敢）
作情态动词:通常用于否定陈述句和疑问句:
多用现在时形式。既可指现在时间，也可指过去时间
作主动词:也可用于否定句和疑问句;其后的不定式to可加可不加
need（必须，需要）
作情态助动词:只用于否定句和疑问句;肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't
used to（过去习惯动作或状态）
否定陈述句和否定疑问句中，多用didn't use to,和usedn't to
would也表示过去经常做，二者往往可互换
would常用于正式语体，used to不受限； would只与动态动词连用，而used to两者都可
Obligation and Necessity
Obligation
should（应该做某事，带有劝说，敦促之意）
eg.The police should do something about it.
have to（客观上的不得不）
will/shall had to(将来的必须)
Necessity
ought to
eg.These young trees ought to provide shade in ten years.
should
eg.The book should appeal to all lovers of poetry
must
eg.She must be home now.
shall表示“意愿”用于第二，三人称主语，shall所表示的是说话人（我）的意愿，不是句子主语（你）的意愿思维导图模板大纲
用shall表示意图，常见于第二，三人称主语之后，表示说话人的意图思维导图模板大纲
shall表示决心，主要用于第二，三人称主语，表示说话人的强烈意志和决心。shall作这一用法的否定形式shall not/shan't则表示说话人“禁止”或“威胁”。思维导图模板大纲
表示给予，许可常用can/may思维导图模板大纲
