To know oneself is difficult. 要了解自己很难。(不定式)
Working on such a hot day is no easy job. 在这么热的天气下工作不是件容易事。
不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作,而动名词则表示一般或抽象的至次动作
Smoking is not good for health. 抽烟不利于健康。(抽象)
It is not good for you to smoke so much. 你抽这么多烟不好。(具体)
不定式和动名词都可以用北来代替作形式主语。动名词常用在"It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure 等名词+doing”结构和“It is useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile 等形容词+doing”结构中作主语
It is a waste of time seeing that movie. 看那部电影是浪费时间
It is useless speaking. 光说没用。
动名词也可在“There is/was no+doing”结构中作主语
There is no standing still in this life; one must either advance or fall behind. 在这样的生活中没有原地不动的。二个人要么前进,要么后退。
非谓语动词的逻辑主语
不定式虽然不能有自己的主语,但在意思上仍有履行该动作的人或物,称为逻辑主语,动词不定式逻辑主语可用 for 或 of作为标记。当不定式和逻辑主语有被动关系时,不定式就需用被动形式
She taught me to read. 她教我阅读。(不定式的逻辑主语为 me)
The simplest thing is for him to reason. 对他来说最简单的就是辞职。(不定式的逻辑主语为him)
当动名词的逻辑主语与向子的主语不一致时,要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,作其逻辑主语
Jame's being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心引起了如此多的麻煩
feel like doing sth.
be/get used to doing sth.
be busy (in) doing sth.
spend time (in) doing sth.
waste/lose time (in) doing sth.
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
have fun (in) doing sth. // have a good time (in) doing sth.
there is no point (in) doing sth.
He doesn't allow smoking in his office. 他不允许在他办公室抽烟。(动名词作宾语)
He doesn't allow his family to smoke at all. 他根本不允许他家人抽烟。(不定式作宾语补足语)
非谓语动词作表语
动名词、不定式和分词都可以作句子表语
One of our aims is to help the unemployed find a job. 我们的目标之一就是帮失业的人找到工作。(不定式,表一次性的、具体的动作)
Her job was washing clothes. 她的工作是洗衣服。(动名词,表经常发生的、日常的)
The problem remains unsolved. 问题仍未解决。(过去分词)