Lesson 7. Orgenizing Principles思维导图

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2023-03-30

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Lesson7

Orgenizing

Principles

英语

Lesson 7. Orgenizing Principles

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Chronology

Always be used in

Newspaper and magazine articles

Minutes of meetings

Explanations of procedures

Common Traditional Words and Prases

afterward, eventually, later, sudddenly, as soon as finally, meanwhile, then.

at last, first, second, third, next, when before, after, immediately, now.

while, during, in the meantime, soon

Order of importance

The reason why writers always use

People remember beginnings and endings better than middles.

Writers have known this instinctively known this for a long time.

That's why many pieces of writing are organized not in chronological order but by order of importance.

Most Important to Least important

In the following paragraph, the writer starts with what is most important.

Wirters hope that will be sure to remember it by putting this item first.

Least important to most important

Writers prefer to end up with the most important idea.

Effects

The snowball effect

the build up or force that a writer gets from starting with what's least important and moving forward what's most important.

writers can also create sespense, since the reader has to wait for the final and most important idea.

Definition

Always can be found in

business, sociology, science, and government texts

make a point of using whole paragraphs to define specialized vocabulary central to the discussion of their subject matter.

Definition pattern should include three elements

1.the term being defined

2.a complete definition

3.any other more specific details that might help clarify the definition(examples, contrasting words, origins.)

Extended definition

In this pattern, the writer names a concept or complicated process that the paragraphs will define and explain.

the main idea or first sentence of the paragraph states a dictionary definition of the concept or precess

There are usually no signal words for details.

Key words/phrases in the main idea: consists of , seems to be, are.

Problem/Solution

In this pattern, the main idea names a problem and indicates that one or more solutions.

The paragraph always consists of two parts.

1. a statement

2. a description and explanation of how it was solved.

There are often no signal words for the details.

Key words/phrases in the main idea:situation, trouble, crisis, dilemma or issue.

In the body of the paragraph, key words include:solve, solution, resolved.

Simple listing

In this pattern, the writer states the main idea in the form of a generalization and gives a list of detail or examples to support that general statement

This pattern uses words and sentences instead of numbers for items that are listed.

The list actually becomes the details

Signal words/phrases: for example, for instance, first, second, another, also, besides, in addition, final, last, most important.

Key words/phrases in the main idea: many, several, a number of, a variety of, a few, kinds of