Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring;
for ornament, is in discourse;
and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.
For expert men can excute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one;
but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.
To spend too much time in studies is sloth;
to use them too much for ornament, is affectation;
to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.
They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience:
for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study;
and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.
Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them;
有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，
for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
Read not to contradict and confute;
nor to believe and take for granted;
nor to find talk and discourse;
but to weigh and consider.
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested;
that is, some books are to be read only in parts;
others to be read, but not curiously;
and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.
Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others;
but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books;
else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.
Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory;
if he confer little, he had need have a present wit;
and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.
logic and rhetoric able to contend.
Nay there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies:
like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.
n. 装饰；装饰物
例：The building relies on clever design rather than on ornament for its impressive effect.
这幢大楼依靠其巧妙设计而非装饰给人留下了深刻的印象。
n. 对话；交流；演讲
例：He prefaced his speech with a discourse on the need of friendship.
v. 集中；统率；整顿
例：The company is marshalling its forces for a long court case.
v. 侮辱；蔑视
例：We dread both to be contemptible and to be contemned.
contradict [ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt]
v. 反驳；否定；有抵触
例：All evening her husband contradicted everything she said.
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