名词性从句:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句, 同位语从句
副词性从句(状语从句):时间,地点,原因,条件,目的,让步,方式,结果
看到这里,可能有些同学又会产生抵触情绪了,其实这些细致的划分我们可以跳过,对于具体句子中的从句如何解决其实很简单,你只需知道从句做什么成分就可以了,从句做什么成分,就是个什么功能的从句。
The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone. (表语)
What the ugly man chooses is living alone.(主语)
We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.(宾语)
The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone. (同位语)
The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.(定语)
Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.(状语)
在阅读这样的复杂句的时候,首先要找出主句或从句从哪儿开始,到哪儿结束,首先理解主句的意思,最后再把从句的内容与主句综合起来。
介绍完句子结构,就该说说复杂句子的解决方法了,那就是优先提取主干法。这种方法顾名思义就是先把句子的主干提取,因为主干是句子的精髓所在,然后再看其他补充或修饰的成分。
One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was 【that [ what in previous years had been referred to as the "American", "native", or, occasionally, "New York" school (---the most representative school of American art in any genre--- ) 主语从句] ( had by 1890) was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school. 表语从句】
首先找到句子主干成分:"One of the results was..."很明显的主系表结构,that 引导的显然是个表语从句,表语从句中又有一个由What引导的主语从句,主干结构是"...was firmly established." 最后再加上修饰成分,句子就很容易分析了,也可以轻而易举的翻译并理解了:两个派别斗争的结果之一是:直到1890年,这个曾经被称作"美国的"、"本土的"、或者偶尔被称作是"纽约的"美国艺术题材中最有代表性的学派,以哈德逊河学派命名被稳固的建立在批评家和公众的思想之中了。
优先提取主干是一个很有效地方法,如果我们具备了基本的句子结构知识,了解了句子的成分构成,先提取主干,抓住句子精髓,再看从句和其他部分,理清各个部分之间的关系,任何复杂的句子也就迎刃而解了。
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