1)动名词(gerund)为非限定动词的一种，由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，与现在分词同形，动名词有动词和名词的特征。
I have finished repairing that machine.我修完那台机器了。
They have started working in the apple-orchard.他们已经开始在苹果园里劳动了。
repairing that machine和working in the apple-orchard。
3)动名词的名词特征 在句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Getting up early is a good habit.起早是个好习惯。(动名词getting up作主语)
The foreign visitors enjoyed seeing Chinese acrobatics.外宾喜欢看中国杂技。(动名词seeing作宾语)
Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Reading aloud is very important in learning English.学习英语朗读很重要。
Looking down on women is feudal ideology.轻视妇女是封建意识。
[注]在下面结构中，亦可用引词讧作形式主语，把意义上的主语即动名词放在句末。如：
It's no use over spilt milk.牛奶打翻了哭也没有用。(作无益的后悔没有用)
It's no good talking about it.谈也无用。
Her job was looking after the pigs.她的工作是喂猪。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他爱好集邮。
[注] 动名词作表语时，不可与进行时态相混淆。试比较：
She was washing clothes. (过去进行时)
Her job was washing clothes. (动名词)
a)作直接宾语，用在begin，start，stop，finish，like等动词后面。如：
please stop talking.请不要讲话。
