1. How was your trip yesterday?
(1)本句为询问某事情况的常用句型,其中was是be动词的过去式,如果询问当前的情况则be动词用is。其答语常用:It was great! (好极了) / It was OK.(还可以)/ It wasn’t good.(不好。)/ All right.(很好。)/ It was not bad.(还不错。)等。How + be+…?相当于 What + be +… + like? 例如:-How was her holiday?她的假期过得怎么样?
-It was not bad. 还不错。
(2)How是疑问副词,意为“如何,怎样”,常用来引导特殊疑问句来询问方式、程度、状况等。常用于以下交际用语中:
1)How is/are +sb. ? 用来询问人的身体、工作、学习或生活等的状况。例如:
-How are you? 你好吗?
-Fine, thank you. 好,谢谢。
2)How is/are +sth.?用来询问某物或者某事的状况如何。例如:
How is your work? 你的工作怎么样?
3)How do you do? 并不表示疑问,是第一次见面时的问候语,回答仍用此句。例如:How do you do? 你好!
How do you do? 你好!
4)How is it going?/ How is everything going? 用来询问事情进展如何。例如:
How is it going? 情况/进展如何?
Very well./ Not too bad./just so so.
很好。/还不坏。/一般吧。
2. Did you see any cows?
此句是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句,用于询问过去发生的动作或事情。句式是“Did+主语+动词原形+其他成分?”。一定要注意,一般过去时的一般疑问句,无论主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数,都要用助动词did提问。用did提问时谓语动词要用原形。一般过去时的一般疑问句的肯定答语为“Yes,主语+did.”;否定回答为“No, 主语+didn’t.”。例如:-Did you do your homework yesterday? 昨天你做作业了吗?
-Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. 是的,我做了。/ 没有,我没做。
-Did she go to bed? 她上床睡觉了吗?
-Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 是的,她上床睡觉了。/不,她没有上床睡觉。
3. The rooms were really dark and it was difficult to take photos, so I didn’t take any.
(1)It is +adj.+ to do sth. 意为“做某事是……”,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,所以it was difficult to take photos相当于to take photos was difficult。例如:
It’s interesting to play the computer games.
玩电脑游戏很有趣。
(2)It is + 形容词(+of / for sb.)+ to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事是……。用介词of时,形容的是某人做这件事情所表现的品质;用介词for时,指的是所作的事情本身的一个性质。例如:
It is very kind of you to help me.
你能帮助我真是太好了。
It is important for us to learn English well.
对我们来说,学好英语很重要。