Chapter 1 introduction思维导图

U431210379

2023-04-08

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Chapter1

introduction

英语语言学

Chapter 1 introduction

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思维导图大纲

linguistic

range

not any particular language but languages in general

3 steps

data--collected

language facts

hypotheses

language structure

check and prove

validity

6 main scopes

Phonetics(语音学

speech sounds

4 Content

1)The production of speech that is how speech sounds actually made transmitted and received

2)The sounds of speech

3)The description and classification of speech sounds

4)Words and connected speech

3 main areas

Articulatory phonetics [M]

Speaking

Acoustic phonetics [T]

Sounding

Auditory phonetics [R]

Listening

Phonology（音系学

How songs are put together and used to convey meanings in communications

Morphology（形态学

word formation

is concerned with internal organization of words it studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word- formation processes

Syntax（句法学

speech sounds system

Sentence structure

the study of how words combined to form sentences and the rules which govern the formation of sentences

Semantics（语义学

Meanings

examines how meanings encoded in language/the meaning of the sentence

Pragmatics（语用学

Language in use

The study of the use of language in communication

history

Liberal arts

In ancient Greece

the study of word

15th

A universal grammar

18th

The similarities between Sanskrit ,Greek and Latin

19th

The relationship and the inheritance between languages

By the end of 19th

Language' structure and function

Directive

Recreational

Expressive

Informational

pathtic

distinctions

Prescriptive VS Descriptive

Lay down rules for correct linguistics behavior in using language

Describe or analyze linguistic facts observed or language people actually use

Synchronic VS Diachronic

The description of a language at some point of time

Description of a language through time

Speech and Writing

Primary medium of language

later developed

Langue and Parole

The abstract linguistic system shared by all members of the speech community

The realization of long in actual use

Competence and Performance

The ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language

The actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication

Traditional grammar and modern linguistics

Judge

Latin-based framework

Observer and recorder

not

language

definition

Chomsky's

a set of sentences

finite/infinite

Sapir's

human and non-instinctive

ideas emotions desires

voluntarily produced symbols

Hall's

habitually

oral-auditory arbitrary symbols

what is language

Language is primarily vocal

Language is a system

Language is human-specific

The design defining features of human language 识别特征

Arbitrariness(任意性）

No intrinsic connection between the word and the thing it denotes

Productivity /Creativity(能产性，创造性)

We can speak an endless nember of sentences with limited vocabulary and one sentence can expand into endless theoretically possible sentences in the way of recurring

Duality(双重性)

Displacement(移位性)

Cultural transmission（文化传递性）

Additional mentioned knowledge

Meta function

Transtivity传递性，关联性

Material物质

Verbal言语

Relational关联

Behavioral行为

Existential存在

Mental心理

Saussure思维导图模板大纲

rules思维导图模板大纲

time思维导图模板大纲

media思维导图模板大纲

sociological思维导图模板大纲

psychological思维导图模板大纲

Chomsky思维导图模板大纲

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