例句:An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policemanyelled to her, “Don’t you knowwhat it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I do. I have been a schoolteacher for 28 years now.” 一个老妇人走到了马路中央,这时,一位交警朝着她嚷道:“我都把手举起来了,你难道还不知道什么意思吗?”老太太说:“我当然知道,我都做了28 年的老师了。”
24. 时间状从:
not…until… 用法。
例句:The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.
25. it做形式主语,句子做逻辑主语:
如果主语太长,常用代词 it 作形式主语,将真正的主语从句置于句尾,以保持句式的平衡。
例句:It makes no difference what you read or study ifyou can’t remember it. 如果你记不住,那么你读什么或者学什么都不重要了。
26. 现在分词短语作状语:
(1)现在分词作时间状语。
例句:There areseveral things to consider when buying fresh foods. 当购买新鲜食品时,有几个事情要考虑。
(2)现在分词作条件状语。
例句:Working hard,you will succeed. 如果努力工作,你将会成功。
(3)现在分词作伴随状语。
例句:All night longhe lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。
(4)现在分词作方式状语。
例句:Please answerthe question using another way. 请用另一种方法回答问题。
(5)现在分词作原因状语。
例句:Not knowingher address, I can’t write to her.由于不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信。
(6)现在分词作结果状语。
例句:Possessing a car gives a much greater degree ofmobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. 拥有汽车使机动程度更高,使司机能自由自在地往来各地。
(7)现在分词作让步状语。
例句:Although working from morning till night his fatherdidn’t get enough food.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干,但是还是挣不够吃的。
27. 情态动词表推测
(1)对现在、将来情况的推测,用情态动词+动词原形
对现在、将来情况的肯定推测:must+动词原形
对现在、将来情况的否定推测:can’t +动词原形
对现在、将来情况的可能推测:may/might +动词原形
例句:What is he doing?
He must be sleeping./He can’tbe reading./ He may/might be reading but I’m not sure.
(2)对过去情况的推测,用情态动词+have donesth.
对过去情况的肯定推测:must+have done sth.
对过去情况的否定推测:can’t +have donesth.
对过去情况的可能推测:may/might +have done sth.
例句:It must / may / might / have rained last night. Theground is wet.
The door is locked. He cannot / may ( might ) not havebeen at home.
28. 部分倒装:否定词前置
(1)hardly/scarcely…when…
例句:Hardly had she gone out when a student came tovisit her.
她刚一出门,一个学生就来拜访她。
(2)no sooner…than…
例句:No sooner had the game begun than it began to rainheavily.
比赛刚一开始就下起了雨。
29. 动词 ing 形式作独立主格结构:
逻辑主语和主句主语不一致时采用。
例句:Time permitting, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.(=f time permits, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.) 如果时间允许,我们明天会去野餐。
30. so...as to 结构:
表示“如此......以至于......”。
例句:The girl was so excited as to shout herself hoarse.那个女孩兴奋得喊哑了嗓子。