理解和应用基本文本结构思维导图

U277561826

2024-09-16

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Writing Application

1. Plan Your Main Topic or Thesis

Clearly state your main argument or purpose in 1-2 sentences.

Ensure it's specific and debatable (for argumentative essays) or clear and focused (for expository essays).

2. Develop Strong Supporting Points

Create 3-5 main points that directly support your thesis.

Arrange them in a logical order (e.g., most to least important, chronological).

Write a clear topic sentence for each point.

3. Provide Robust Evidence

Include at least 2-3 pieces of evidence for each supporting point.

Mix different types: statistics, expert opinions, examples, analogies.

Explain how each piece of evidence supports your point.

4. Choose an Appropriate Organizational Pattern

Select a pattern that best fits your topic and purpose:

• Chronological for historical or process essays

• Cause and Effect for analytical essays

• Compare and Contrast for evaluation essays

Problem and Solution for persuasive essays

5. Use Effective Transitions

Begin each paragraph with a transition that links it to the previous one.

Use transitional phrases within paragraphs to connect ideas.

Ensure smooth flow between sentences and paragraphs.

6. Craft a Strong Conclusion

Restate your thesis in a new way.

Briefly summarize your main points.

End with a thought-provoking statement or call to action.

Reading Strategies

1. Identify the Main Topic or Thesis

Scan the first paragraph, especially the last 1-2 sentences.

Look for clear statements that outline the author's main argument or purpose.

Ask yourself: "What is the author trying to prove or explain?"

2. Locate Supporting Points

Read the first sentence of each body paragraph (topic sentences).

Identify how each point relates to the main thesis.

Create a simple outline: Thesis → Point 1 → Point 2 → Point 3

3. Analyze Evidence and Examples

Within each paragraph, look for:

• Facts and statistics (often with numbers or percentages)

• Quotes from experts or primary sources

• Specific examples or case studies

Consider how each piece of evidence supports its corresponding point.

4. Recognize Organizational Patterns

Chronological: Look for time-related words (e.g., first, next, finally)

Cause and Effect: Watch for words like "because," "therefore," "as a result"

Compare and Contrast: Notice "similarly," "in contrast," "on the other hand"

Problem and Solution: Identify a clearly stated problem and proposed solutions

5. Follow Transitions

Pay attention to words and phrases that link ideas between sentences and paragraphs.

Notice how transitions signal relationships between ideas (e.g., addition, contrast, sequence).

6. Evaluate the Conclusion

Look for a restatement of the main thesis, often worded differently.

Check if all main points are briefly summarized.

Consider any final thoughts, implications, or calls to action.

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