四六级听力试题的命题规律和解题技巧3思维导图

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2023-03-17

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四六级听

　　（5）上下义概念的考查　　有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类，但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握。

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（5）上下义概念的考查

有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类，但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握。如：

①M：Letmesee.I'veprintedmyfamilyname，firstname，dateof

birthandaddress.Anythingelse？

W：No，that'sallright.We'llfillintherestofitifyoujust

signyournameatthebottom.

Q：Whathasthemanbeendoing？

A.Havinganinterview.B.Fillingoutaform.

C.Talkingwithafriend.D.Askingforinformation.

上义词为概括性词语，下义词所表示的则是具体的东西。本题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项B.

②M：Whathappenedtoyou？Youaresolate.

W：ThebusItookbrokedowninfrontofthehospitalandIhad

towalkfromthere.

Q：Whywasthewomansolate？

A.Somethingwentwrongwiththebus.

B.Shetooksomebodytohospital.

C.Somethingpreventedherfromcatchingthebus.

D.Shecameonfootinsteadoftakingabus.

Somethingwentwrong是对thebusbreakdown的概括性表述。

对话听力中其它考查项目，如因果、条件、否定、比较等可参看四六级考试的《听力分册》。

2.短文

该部分共有短文三篇，设10个小题，重要考查两方面的内容：

1）对主题的判断

（1）提问的方式

主题题通常以下列方式提问：

Whatisthemainidea/topicofthispassage？

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss？

Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？

（2）选项特点

主题题的四个选项一般都以短语的方式出现。如：

①A.Twotypesofonlychildren.

B.Parent'sresponsibilities.

C.Thenecessityoffamilyplanning.

D.Therelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.

②A.Environmentalpollutionandprotection.

B.Taxesandservicesforthepublic.

C.Policeeffortstoprotectpeople.

D.People'sattitudetowardtaxes.

③A.Thedifferencebetweenclassicalmusicandrockmusic.

B.Whyclassicalmusicispopularwithmathstudents.

C.Theeffectsofmusicontheresultsofmathtests.

D.Howtoimproveyourreasoningactivity.

（3）解题技巧

对于这类题，同学们在听的时候应特别注意文章的首句和尾句，首句一般开篇点名主题，而尾句则总结全文，根据这两句进行推断一般可以确定文章的主题。如上面②题可根据文章最后一段的尾句解答，请看

Weuseallsortofserviceswithoutthinkinghowwegetthem.Butsuchservicescostmoney.Wepayforthemthroughtaxes.Whatwouldhappenifeveryoneinacitystoppayingtaxes？Thewatersupplywouldstop.Thestreetmightnotbecleaned.Therewouldbenopoliceforcetoprotectpeopleandproperty.

Thechiefdutyofeverygovernmentistoprotectpersonsandproper-

ty.Morethanthree-fourthsofthemoneyspentbyourgovernmentisusedforthispurpose.Thenextlargestamountofpublicmoneygoestoteachandtrainourcitizens.Billionsofdollarseachyeararespentonschoolsandlibraries.Publicmoneyisusedtopaytheteachersandotherpublicofficials.

Yearsagothegovernmentmademoneyfromthesaleofpubliclands.Butmostofthebestpubliclandshasnowbeensold.Themoneyraisedwasusedtohelppaythecostofgovernment.Therearestillsomepubliclandsthatcontainoil，coal，gas，andothernaturalproducts.Theycouldbesold，butwewanttosavethemforfutureyears.Soweallmustpayoursharefortheservicesthatmakeourlivescomfortable.

从尾句可以看出文章谈论的是人们为什么都应该交税以使我们的生活更加美好。

再如③题，同学们可以通过文章的开始几句，找到文章的主题。请看

Doyouhaveatoughmathtestcomingup？Thenlistentosomeclassicalpianomusicjustbeforethetest.Youmightendupwithahigherscore.ResearchersatauniversityinCaliforniaconductedanexperiment.Theyaskedagroupofcollegestudentstolistentosomepianomusicbyafamous18thcenturycomposerbeforetakingamathtest.Theyweresurprisedtofindthatthestudents'scoresjumped8to9points.Themusicseemstoexcitenerveactivitiesinthebrain；similartotheactivitythatoccurswhenapersonisfiguringoutamathproblem.However，thescientistswarnthatbeforeyougettooexcitedaboutapplyingthemethodtoyourmathtest，youshouldrememberthatbrainexcitingeffectslastonly10or15minutes.Wouldrockmusicworkaswellasthepianomusicdid？No，thescientistssay.Infact，thelesscomplexmusicmighteveninterferewiththebrain'sreasoningability.

显然，黑体部分表明了文章的主题，紧接着的实验为支撑细节，用于说明文章的主题。

2）对具体事实的判断

（1）提问的方式

对细节的提问通常以wh-question的方式出现，主要针对文章的有关人物、事件、地点、时间、原因、目的、数据等。

如上面两篇短文的其它几个问题的选项。

①What'sthechiefdutyofeverygovernment？

A.Toprotectpersonsandproperty.

B.Tocollecttaxes.

C.Toteachandtraincitizens.

D.Tosavenaturalresourcesforfutureuse.

②Howdidthegovernmentraisemoneyinthepast？

A.Bysellingservicesthatmakelifecomfortable.

B.Bysellinglandcontainingoil.

C.Bysellingpubliclands.

D.Bysellingcoalandothernaturalproducts.

①Whycanclassicalmusicplayapositiveroleinproblemsolving？

A.Becauseitstimulatesyournerveactivity.

B.Becauseitkeepsyoucalm.

C.Becauseitstrengthensyourmemory.

D.Becauseitimprovesyourproblemsolvingability.

②Whatisoneofthefindingsoftheresearch？

A.Pianomusiccouldinterferewithyourreasoningability.

B.Theeffectsofmusicdonotlastlong？

C.Themoreyoulistentomusic，thehigheryourtestscoreswillbe.

D.Music，whetherclassicalorrock，helpsimproveyourmemory.

（2）选项特点

这种细节判断题以辨认题居多。有可能几个选项在文章中都有所提及，但只要同学们仔细听，注意分别，就能从原文中找到出处。如上面99年6月的考题，第①题可以在文章找到Thechiefdutyofeverygovernmentistoprotectpersonsandproperty，这同样也是第二段的主题句，是整段要说明的内容。第②题也能从文章找到Yearsagothegovernmentmademoneyfromthesaleofpubliclands.一句为佐证。

再如99年1月的考题，①②两题也都能从文章中找到信息句，如Themusicseemstoexcitenerveactivitiesinthebrain.和…youshouldrememberthatbrainexcitingeffectslastonly10or15minutes.。

从考查的范围来看，短文听力中原因的考查最多，其次是对具体所发生的事情的判断，也包括依据事实所做的推理判断。如99年6月第二篇短文、2000年1月第二篇短文全是原因的考查，一般原因考查题多出现在故事短文中，只要同学们能够理清故事的来龙去脉，这种原因题就比较简单。如：

WhenIwasatschool，myambitionwastobeapilotintheAirForce.Butmyeyesightwasn'tgoodenough.SoIhadtogiveupthatidea.Iwenttouniversityandstudiedphysics.Iwantedtostayonthereanddoresearch，butmyfatherdiedataboutthattime.SoIthoughtI'dbettergetajobandearnmyliving.Istartedworkinginanengineeringfirm

Iexpectedtostayinthatjobforalongtime.Butthen，theyappointedanewmanagingdirector.Ididn'tgetonwithhim，soIresignedandappliedforajobwithanotherengineeringcompany.Iwouldcertainlyhaveacceptedthejobiftheyhadofferedittome，butonmywaytotheinterviewImetafriendwhowasworkingforatravelagency.HeofferedmeajobinSpain.AndI'vealwayslikedSpain，soItookit.

IworkedinthetravelagencyfortwoyearsandthentheywantedtosendmetoSouthAmerica.ButIhadjustgotmarried.SoIdecidedtostayhere.ThenwehadababyandIwasn'tearningenoughtosupportthefamily.SoIstartedgivingEnglishlessonsatschoolintheevenings.

IlikedtheEnglishteachingmorethanworkingforthetravelagency，andthentheowneroftheschoolofferedmeafull-timejobasateacher.SoIresignedfromtheagency.Twoyearslater，theowneroftheschoolwantedtoretire，soheaskedmetotakeoverasthedirector.AndhereIam.

14.Whydidthemangiveupstudyingphysics？

15.Whydidthemanresignfromtheengineeringfirm？

16.Whydidthemantakethejobatthetravelagency？

17.WhydidthemanstarttoteachEnglishparttime？

很显然本短文要求同学们了解文中的“我”工作变化的原因。但考试时同学们看不到问题，只能看到选项。在这种情况下，同学们应该做的是：

注意问题的顺序与短文所讲故事发生的时间顺序是一致的。

一边听，一边判断选项是否符合事实，在短文中是否提到。

最后再听问题，这时只是验证一下自己的答案而已。

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