Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?Don’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainsasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungeylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongage;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousas,say,publichangingsorbearbaiting.
Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof‘thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,forinstance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.
Whyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally–admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimproved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.
1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sopinionofnowadays’humanbeingsis______.
C.contemptuous.D.critical.
2.Themainideaofthispassageis______.
A.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw.
B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsmoneytoseeviolence.
C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports.
D.peoplearebloodthirstyinsports.
3.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansis______.
A.TocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday’speople.
C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter.
D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtobloodthirsty.
4.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?
5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis______.
A.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves.
B.that,bybanningthedangeroussports,wecanimprovethelaw.
C.thatwemusttakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem.
D.toshowlawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange.
9.burstintoflames突然燃烧起来/着火
1.A.不太高。文章一开始就点出科技巨大进步,而其他方面进展很少。人们以轻蔑的口气谈及可怜的古罗马人,因为他们欣赏竞技场上的屠杀。我们轻视他们,因为他们把这些屠杀视为娱乐。我们可以降阶/屈尊地谅解他们,因为他们生活在2000年前,显然,对好的东西不知道。在这里作者反问,我们的优越感是否正确呢?我们的嗜血性是不是少一些?为什么拳击比赛吸引那么许多人?在场的观赏者(观众)是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢?结论是:人类和过去一样残忍。唯一的不同点在于古罗马人很诚实,他们承认他们欣赏观看饥饿的狮子把人撕碎,活生生吃掉,而我们会找出各种精辟的理由来保卫早该制止的运动。第二段举出具体例子,如斗牛、拳击中把人打瘫在地、车赛中,车子碰撞起火,人们就坐在那里观看欣赏,参赛者是为了高报酬,观众付出大笔钱财是为了看到暴力。作者指出任何体育精神的说法纯粹是虚伪。如果一场打比赛(世界重量级冠军赛),两轮而不是十五轮就告结束,成千上百万人们会感到失望――这些都证明人的卑下,不文明。这两段似乎也证明作者的观点应该是C项――蔑视的。但在第三段谈及,好几个世纪以来,人们一直试图在精神上和情感上改善自己,又得承认不怎么成功。可至少我们不再容忍疯人禁锢于笼中,当众鞭挞,以及其他许多过去普遍存在的野蛮行径。监狱也不再是过去那种令人窒息的禁锢之地,社会福利制度在全世界许多地方推行。在财富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。这些变化的出现不是因为人突然改善,而是在改变法律上采取了积极的步骤。如果我们禁止危险的暴力体育项目,那么我们在改善人类方面又前进了一步。我们会认识暴力是人类的堕落和卑下(人类不应有的)。从这段来看,作者对人类还抱有希望,不是很蔑视。所以选A项。
2.A.法律应禁止堕落而又危险的体育项目。见第一题注释。作者从古罗马人欣赏残忍的体育项目说起,点出现代人也是嗜血成性,喜欢暴力体育项目。这是不文明,是堕落。必须制止,而法律是我们社会改革最强大的工具,它可应用,发挥强大的文明影响(第三段倒数第三句)
B.人们愿意支付巨大款项来观看暴力。这是作者说明“嗜血成性”的具体内容之一。C.对比对危险体育项目不同的态度。这里没有对比。D.人类嗜血成性。这是作者认为人们为什么欣赏危险残忍体育项目的根源。
3.D.人们在体育上习惯于“嗜血成性”,过去是,现在仍然是,不同点只是前者坦直承认,后者婉转掩饰。见第一题注释。
A.把古罗马人和现代人对比。这项没有说明对比什么。B.给出一个例子。太抽象。C.说明过去人类不太知道更美好的东西,这两项都没有到位。
4.B.5个。作者提到⑴逗熊游戏;⑵斗牛;⑶车赛;⑷拳击;⑸人狮斗。至于当众鞭挞和绞刑不能称作体育活动。
5.A.通过制止野蛮体育项目,我们能改善人类自身。这在第三段讲的最透彻,见第一题和第二题注释。
B.通过制止野蛮体育活动,我们能改善法律,不完全对。作者明确指出要用法律来禁止野蛮体育项目。C.我们必须采取积极步骤来改善社会福利体制。D.去表明法律是社会变革的主要工具。