Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage
Thereseemsnevertohavebeenacivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtheydevelopedisunknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttogivechildrensomethingtodo.Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswithanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboysandgirlsarebeingprepared,eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadultworld.
Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedaresame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsofcraftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing.InEgypt,theAmericas,China,JapanandamongtheArctic(北极的)peoples,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflifebecausetoysimitatetheirsurroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.
Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltotheoxcarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofascent(进步).Theprogressfromarattle(拨浪鼓)usedbyababyin3000BCtooneusedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness.Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.
6.Thereasonwhythetoysmostboysplaywitharedifferentfromthosethatgirlsplaywithisthat________.
A)theirsocialrolesarerigidlydetermined
B)mostboyswouldliketofollowtheirfathers’professions
C)boysliketoplaywiththeirfatherswhilegirlswiththeirmothers
D)theylikechallengingactivities
7.Oneaspectof“theuniversalityoftoys”liesinthefactthat________.
A)technologicaladvanceshavegreatlyimprovedthedurabilityoftoys
B)theimprovementofcraftsmanshipinmakingtoysdependsontheeffortsofuniversities
C)theexplorationoftheuniversehadledtothecreationofnewkindsoftoys
D)thebasiccharacteristicsoftoysarethesametheworldover
8.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sviewonthehistoricaldevelopmentoftoys?
A)Thecraftsmanshipintoy-makinghasremainedessentiallyunchanged.
B)Toyshaveremainedbasicallythesameallthroughthecenturies.
C)Thetoyindustryhaswitnessedgreatleapsintechnologyinrecentyears.
D)Toysareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinshapingachild’scharacter.
9.Regardedasakindofartform,toys________.
A)followadirectlineofascentB)alsoappealgreatlytoadults
C)arenotcharacterizedbytechnologicalprogressD)reflectthepaceofsocialprogress
10.Theauthorusestheexampleofrattletoshowthat________.
A)intoy-makingthereisacontinuityinthesueofmaterials
B)eventhesimplesttoyscanreflecttheprogressoftechnology
C)eventhesimplesttoyscanreflecttheprogressoftechnology
D)evenasimpletoycanmirrortheartistictastesofthetime
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