2016年12月英语四级阅读冲刺练习题及答案(四)思维导图

浪尖

2023-03-16

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　　People appear to born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably(坚定地) that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity

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2016年12月英语四级阅读冲刺练习题及答案(四)思维导图模板大纲

Peopleappeartoborntocompute.Thenumericalskillsofchildrendevelopsoearlyandsoinexorably(坚定地)thatitiseasytoimagineaninternalclockofmathematicalmaturityguidingtheirgrowth.Notlongafterlearningtowalkandtalk,theycansetthetablewithimpressaccuracy---oneknife,onespoon,onefork,foreachofthefivechairs.Soontheyarecapableofnothingthattheyhaveplacedfiveknives,spoonsandforksonthetableand,abitlater,thatthisamountstofifteenpiecesofsilverware.Havingthusmasteredaddition,theymoveontosubtraction.Itseemsalmostreasonabletoexpectthatifachildweresecludedonadesertislandatbirthandretrievedsevenyearslater,heorshecouldenterasecondenterasecond-grademathematicsclasswithoutanyseriousproblemsofintellectualadjustment.

Ofcourse,thetruthisnotsosimple.Thiscentury,theworkofcognitivepsychologistshasilluminatedthesubtleformsofdailylearningonwhichintellectualprogressdepends.Childrenwereobservedastheyslowlygrasped----or,asthecasemightbe,bumpedinto----conceptsthatadultstakeforquantityisunchangedaswaterpoursfromashortglassintoatallthinone.Psychologistshavesincedemonstratedthatyoungchildren,askedtocountthepencilsinapile,readilyreportthenumberofblueorredpencils,butmustbecoaxed(说服)intofindingthetotal.Suchstudieshavesuggestedthattherudiments(基本原理)ofmathematicsaremasteredgradually,andwitheffort.Theyhavealsosuggestedthattheveryconceptofabstractnumbers-----theideaofaoneness,atwoness,atwonessthatappliestoanyclassofobjectsandisaprerequisite(先决条件)fordoinganythingmoremathematicallydemandingthansettingatable----isitselffarfrominnate.

练习题：

Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:

1.Afterchildrenhavehelpedtosetthetablewithimpressiveaccuracy,they______.

A.areabletohelpparentsservedishes

B.tendtodomorecomplicatedhousework

C.areabletofigureoutthetotalpieces

D.canenterasecond-grademathematicsclass

2.Itis_____tobelievethatthequalityofwaterkeepsunchangedwhenitiscontainedintwodifferentglasses.

A.easytopersuadechildren

B.hardformostchildren

C.theinnateofmostchildren

D.difficultforbothadultsandchildren

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatchildrenarelikelyto_____whentheyareaskedtocountalltheballsofdifferentcolors

A.givetheaccurateanswer

B.counttheballsofeachcolor

C.betooconfusedtodoanything

D.makeminormistakes

4.Accordingtothispassage,_____ismasteredbybirth.

A.theabilitytosurviveinadesertisland

B.thewayofsettingtables

C.thebasicprinciplesofmathematics

D.theconceptofoneness

5.What’stheauthor‘sattitudetowards“children’snumericalskills”?

A.Critical.

B.Approving.

C.Questioning.

D.Objective.

1.[C]第1段第3句说的是题干内容，由第4句Soon…句中的fiveknives...等数字可知孩子会数数了,故可直接选出C。

2.[B]第2段第3句中theyrefused...toconcede...中的they指children,对比题干与原文意思可知孩子们是“难以相信(理解)，故选B。

3.[B]第2段倒数第3句。文章是以pencils为例进行说明的，题目中换成了balls,但是目的是相同的，都是为了表述儿童更愿意根据颜色的不同来数数，而不愿数总数，故B正确。A、D都没有提到;C的说法过于绝对，与文章表述也不相符。

4.[B]这道题目需要认真理解了文章的意思才能正确作答。第1段的主题是:有些数字概念是人天生就有的;第2段的主题是:有一些是后天学习获得的。B是第1段中明确给出的例子，因此这个例子应该支持该段的主题。A错误地理解了第1段最后举的例子。C和D在第2段最后提到,都不是先天获取的数学知识。

5.[D]考査全文的观点态度。纵观全文可知，作者很客观、如实地说明事实，分两段报告了心理学家的研究结果，并未做出任何评价，故D正确。题目中的children’snumericalskills即全文的主题。

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