2016年12月英语四级阅读冲刺练习题及答案(二)思维导图

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2023-03-16

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　　Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a

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2016年12月英语四级阅读冲刺练习题及答案(二)思维导图模板大纲

Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy:whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornWith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.

WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingodd:amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.

Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:Mightdeafpeopleactually:haveagenuinelanguage?AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas“substandard”.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说).

Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation(调节)ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”

练习题：

Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:

1.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe________.

A.anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage

B.achallengetotraditional,viewsonthenatureoflanguage

C.anapproach:tosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguage

D.anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage

2.Thepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby______

A.afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain

B.aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts

C.anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf

D.someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage

3.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis________.

A.aSubstandardlanguage

B.agenuinelanguage

C.anartificiallanguage

D.aninternationallanguage

4.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe’sideabecausetheythought________.

A.signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople

B.signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted

C.alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand

D.alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds

5.Stokoe’sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat________.

A.signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguage

B.signlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguage

C.languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodes

D.languageisaproductofthebrain

1.[B]从文章第3句“手语提供了一种新方法，用以探索大脑如何产生和理解语言，并为一个长期以来的科学争端——语言(连同语法)究竟是我们与生俱来的，还是一种我们后天学会的行为——提出了新的解释”可以看出，这是对语言的性质的传统观点的挑战，即B。A错在learning,文章并不是在讨论语言的学习，而是语言的产生和理解;C为简单原词干扰D;中的anattempttoclarifymisunderstanding是对thrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy的曲解，因为controversy不等于misunderstanding。另外，第1段最后一句中的rebel“反叛”一词也与B中的“挑战”一致。

2.[C]根据第1段最后一句可知，选C。题干中的wasstimulated相当于原文中的hasrootsin。

3.[B]根据第3段第2—4句以及最后一段第3句，可知B为答案。前者提出猜想(Mightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguage?)，后者含有一个同位语hisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguages。

4.[D]根据最后一段第4句，可知D正确。D中的onlyexistintheformofspeechsounds是对原文中bebasedonspeech的同义表达。

5.[D]根据文章最后一句，可知D正确。D中的aproductofthebrain是对原文中brainstuff的同义表达。B中的derivedfrom错误，因为Stokoe认为signlanguage就是一种naturallanguage。

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