2017年6月大学英语四级阅读练习及答案(十六)思维导图

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2023-03-16

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　　The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate (硅酸盐) that are semi-molten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust There

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2017年6月大学英语四级阅读练习及答案(十六)思维导图模板大纲

TheEarthcomprisesthreeprincipallayers:thedense,iron-richcore,themantlemadeofsilicate(硅酸盐)thataresemi-moltenatdepth,andthethin,solid-surfacecrustTherearetwokindsofcrust,aloweranddenseroceaniccrustandanupper，lightercontinentalcrustfoundoveronlyabout40percentoftheEarth’ssurface.Therocksofthecrustareofverydifferentages.Somecontinentalrocksareover3,000millionyearsold,whilethoseoftheoceanfloorarelessthan200millionyearsold.Thecrustsandthetop,solidpartofthemantle,totalingabout70to100kilometersinthickness,atpresentappeartoconsistofabout15rigidplates,7ofwhichareverylarge.Theseplatesmoveoverthesemi-moltenlowermantletoproduceallofthemajortopographical(地形学的)featuresoftheEarth.Activezoneswhereintensedeformationoccurareconfinedtothenarrow,interconnectingboundariesofcontactoftheplates.

Therearethreemaintypesofzonesofcontact:spreadingcontactswhereplatesmoveapart,convergingcontactswhereplatesmovetowardseachother,andtransformcontactswhereplatesslidepasteachother.NewoceaniccrustisformedalongoneormoremarginsofeachplatebymaterialissuingfromdeeperlayersoftheEarth’scrust,forexample,byvolcaniceruptions(爆发)oflava(火山熔岩)atmid-oceanridges.Ifatsuchaspreadingcontactthetwoplatessupportcontinents，arift(裂缝)isformedthatwillgraduallywidenandbecomefloodedbythetea.TheAtlanticOceanformedlikethisastheAmericanandAfro-Europeanplatesmovedinoppositedirections.Whentwoplatescarryingcontinentscollide,thecontinentalblocks,toolighttobedrawndown,continuetofloatandthereforebuckle(起褶皱)toformamountainchainalongthelengthofthemarginoftheplates.

练习题：

Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:

1.TheEarth’scrust______.

A.canbeclassifiedintotwotypes

B.isformedalongthemarginsoftheplates

C.consistsofsemi-moltenrocks

D.isabout70to100kilometersthick

2.The15platesoftheEarthareformedfrom___.

A.theoceaniccrustsandcontinentalcrusts

B.thecrustsandthemantle

C.thecrustsandthetopandsolidpartofthemantle

D.thecontinentalcrustsandthesolidpartofthemantle

3.Seriously-deformedzonesappear_______

A.wheneverthecrustsmoveovermantle

B.whentheplatesmovetowardseachother

C.inthenarrowboundarieswheretwoplatesmeet

D.tobethemajortopographicalfeatureoftheEarth

4.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theformationoftheAtlanticOceanistheexampleof_______.

A.spreadingcontacts

B.theinfluenceofvolcaniceruptions

C.convergingcontacts

D.transformcontacts

5.Thispassageisprobably_______.

A.anewspaperadvertisement

B.achapterofanovel

C.anexcerptfromatextbook

D.ascientificreportofnewfindings

1.[A]事实细节题。选项A与文章第1段第2句所述一致，为正确答案。此类题可采用排除法。根据第2段第2句的内容可以知道选项B所指的只是地壳中的一种.而不是所有地壳。选項C与文章第1句的内容不符。选項D的主语应该是地壳和上层的地幔，不仅仅是地壳。

2.[C]推理判断题。此题可定位到第1段倒数第3句。题干中的15plates是原文该句中的宾语，且该句的谓语中心词是consistof(由......组成)，题干的谓语是areformedfrom，这意思一致，但题目用的是被动语态。表明答案可从原文该句的主语得到。主语中的top和solid并列修饰partofthemantle。选项C为该句的同义替换，故正确。

3.[C]亊实细节题。选项C是对第1段最后一句的同义改写。文章中没有提到选项A中thecrustsmoveovermantle这种现象;选项B提到的现象在第2段第1句才讨论到，与题干无关;文中也没有提到严重变形的地区是地球的主要地形特征，因此选项D不正确。

4.[A]亊实细节题。第2段主要分成两部分：第一部分谈板块活动的三种形式，第二部分分别举例说明其中在说明spreadingcontacts时，引用了大西洋的例子："TheAtlanticOceanformedlikethis..."，所以答案为A。

5.[C]主旨大意题。由本文的语言风格和描述内容可以判定这篇文章既不是商业性的，也不是文学性的同时文中叙述的内容具有科普性质，不可能是太前沿性的，因此A、B、D三项都不正确，选项C为此题答案。

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