2017年12月大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题（7）思维导图

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2023-03-15

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2017年12月大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题库

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.

Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Addicted,Really?

A.Mental-healthspecialistsdisagreeoverwhethertoclassifycompulsiveonlinebehaviourasaddiction---andhowtotreatit.CraigSmallwood,adisabledAmericanwarveteran,spentmorethan20,000hoursoverfiveyearsplayinganonlinerole-playinggamecalled"LineageII".WhenNCsoft,theSouthKoreanfirmbehindthegame,accusedhimofbreakingthegame'srulesandbannedhim,hewasplungedintodepression,severeparanoia(偏执)andhallucinations(幻想).Hespentthreeweeksinhospital.Afterthat,hesuedNCsoftforfraudandnegligence(过失),demandingover$9mindamagesandclaimingthatthecompanyactednegligentlybyfailingtowarnhimofthedangerthathewouldbecome"addicted"tothegame.

B.Butdoesitmakesensetotalkofaddictiontoonlineactivity?Mental-healthspecialistssaythreeonlinebehaviorscanbecomeproblematicformanypeople:videogames,pornography(色情作品)andmessagingviae-mailandsocialnetworks.Butthereisfarlessagreementaboutwhetheranyofthisshouldbecalled"Internetaddiction"--orhowtotreatit.

C.Somemental-healthspecialistswanted"Internetaddiction"tobeincludedinthefifthversionofpsychiatry'sbible,the"DiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders",knownasDSM-V,whichiscurrentlybeingoverhauled(全面修订).TheAmericanMedicalAssociationendorsed(赞成)theideain2007,onlytobacktrack(放弃)dayslater.TheAmericanJournalofPsychiatrycalledInternetaddictiona"commondisorder"andsupporteditsrecognition.LastyeartheDSM-Vdraftinggroupmadeitsdecision:lnteruetaddictionwouldnotbeincludedasa"behavioraladdiction"--onlygamblingmadethecut--butitsaidfurtherstudywasnecessary.

D.SkepticssaythereisnothinguniquelyaddictiveabouttheInternet.Backin2000,JosephWalther,acommunicationsprofessoratMichiganStateUniversity,co-wroteanarticleinwhichhesuggested,tongueincheek,thatthecriteriausedtocallsomeoneanInternetaddictmightalsoshowthatmostprofessorswere"addicted"toacademia(学术活动).Hearguedthatotherfactors,suchasdepression,aretherealproblem.

Hestandsbythatviewtoday."Noscientificevidencehasemergedtosuggestthatlnternetuseisacauseratherthanaconsequenceofsomeothersortofissue,"hesays."FocusingonandtreatingpeopleforInternetaddiction,ratherthanlookingforunderlyingclinicalissues,isdefinitelyunwise."

E.Othersdisagree."Thatwouldbewrong,"saysKimberlyYoung,aresearcherandtherapistwhohasworkedonInteractaddictionsince1994.SheinsiststhattheInternet,withitspowerfullyimmersiveenvironments,createsnewproblemsthatpeoplemustlearntonavigate(应对).Otherwise,thechanginglifestylewillaffectthedevelopmentofthesociety.

F.Noonedisputesthatonlinehabitscanturntoxic.TakeSouthKorea,wherewidespreadbroadbandmeansthattheaveragehigh-schoolstudentplaysvideogamesfor23hourseachweek.In2007thegovernmentestimatedthataround210,000childrenneededtreatmentforInternetaddiction.In2010newspapersaroundtheglobecarriedthestoryofaSouthKoreancouplewhofedtheirinfantdaughtersolittlethatshestarvedtodeath.Insteadofcaringforthechild,thecouplespentmostnightsatanInternetcafe,sinkinghoursintoarole-playinggameinwhichtheyraised,fedandcaredforavirtualdaughter.AndseveralSouthKoreanmenhavediedfromexhaustionaftermarathon,multi-daygamingsessions.

G.TheSouthKoreangovernmenthassinceaskedgamedeveloperstoadoptagamingcurfew(宵禁)forchildren,topreventthemplayingbetweenmidnightand8a.m.Atthesametime,ithasalsoopenedmorethan100clinicsforInternetaddictionandsponsoredan"Internetrescuecamp"forseriouscases.

H.Butcompulsivebehaviourisnotlimitedtogarners.E-mailorweb-usebehaviourscanalsoshowsignsofaddiction.Gettingthroughabusinesslunchinwhichnoonepullsoutaphonetochecktheirmessagesnowcountsasaminormiracleinmanyquarters.Adeluge(泛滥)ofself-helpbooks,mostrecently"AloneTogether"bySherryTurlde,asocialscientistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,offeradviceonhowtounplug(去除障碍).

I.Pornographyishardlynew,either,buttheInternetmakesaccessingitmucheasierthaneverbefore.Whensomethingcanbesummonedinaninstantviabroadband,whetheritisagameworld,ane-mailinboxorpornographicmaterial,itishardertoresist.Newservicesleadtonewcomplaints.Whenonlineauctionsitesfirstbecamepopular,talkof"eBayaddiction"soonfollowed.Dr.YoungsayswomencomplaintohernowaboutaddictiontoFacebook--orevento"FarmVille",agameplayableonlywithinFacebook.

J.Treatmentcentreshavepoppeduparoundtheworldwiththepopularityofonlinegames.In2006Amsterdam'sSmith&Jonesfacilitybilleditselfas"thefirstand,currently,theonlyresidentialvideo-gametreatmentprogramintheworld".InAmericathereSTARTInternetAddictionRecoveryProgramclaimstotreatInternetaddiction,gamingaddiction,andeven"textingaddiction".InChina,meanwhile,military-style"bootcamps"arethepreferredwaytotreatInternetproblems.

K.Yetmanypeoplelikefeelingpermanentlyconnected.AsArikiaMillikan,anAmericanblogger,onceputit,"IfIcouldbejackedinateverywakinghouroftheday,Iwould,andIthinkalotofmypeerswoulddothe,same."BobLaRose,anInternetspecialistatMichiganStateUniversity,doesn'tbelieveher.Inhisresearchoncollegestudents,hefoundthatmostsensewhentheyare"goingoverboardandrestoreself-control".Lessthan1%haveapathological(病态的)problem,headds.Formostpeople,Internetuse"isjustahabit--andonethatbringsuspleasure."

46.AccordingtoJosephWalther,itisunwisetoemphasizethetreatmentofInternetaddictioninsteadofseekingforpotentialclinicalissues.

47.Asonlinegamesbecomepopular,treatmentcentreshavesprungupallovertheworld.

48.Afterplayingonlinegamescontinuouslyfordays,severalSouthKoreanmenwereexhaustedtodeath.

49.SmallwoodsuedNCsoftandclaimedahugecompensationforfraudanditsnegligenceofwarninghimofthedangerofgameaddiction.

50.InSouthKorea,agamingcurfewforchildrenwasadoptedtopreventchildrenplayingaftermidnight.

5l.InternetaddictionstillneedstobefurtherstudiedthoughtheDSM-Vdidnotcategorizeitasa"behavioraladdiction".

52.Anlnternetspecialistfoundthatmostcollegestudentscouldrealizewhentheyaregoingtoofarandrestoreself-control.

53.Accordingtomental-healthspecialists,formanypeople,videogames,pornographyandmessagingviae-mailandsocialnetworkscanbecomeproblematiconlinebehaviors.

54.Peopleregarditasasmallmiracleifnobodytakesoutaphonetoreadthemessagesatabusinesslunch.

55.KimberlyYounginsiststhatpeoplemustlearntodealwithnewproblemsbroughtaboutbytheInteract.

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