1)不用that的情况
a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
b)介词后不能用。
Wedependonthelandfromthatwegetourfood.(错)
改为:Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。
b)在不定代词,如:anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
c)先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时,只用that。
d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。
e)先行词既有人,又有物时,只用that。
例如:Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintobermouth.(MET'91)
选B.在非限定性定语从句中,关系代词用which不能用that。
2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwiondows,mostof____hadn'tcleanedforatleastayear.(MET'90)
A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which
选D.如果选A、B、C,整个句子不符合语法要求,因为有一个"逗号",不是并列句,因此只能是一个非限定性定语从句,在非限定性定语从句中关系代词一般用which。
3.Hisparentswouldn'tmarryanyone____familywaspoor.(MET'88)
A.ofwhomB.whomc.ofwhoseD.whose
4.Finallythethiefhandedineverything____hehadstolentothepolice.(MET'87)
A.afterB.whatC.whateverD.that
选D.因为A、B、C不能引导定语从句。先行词everything,关系代词that在从句中作宾语。当先行词是不定代词all,anything,nothing,everything,something等,关系代词只能由that引导。
5.All____isneededisasupplyofoil.(MET'89)
A.thethingB.thatC.whatC.which
6.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.(85年)
A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which
选D.question是先行词,在从句中作主语,所以应用which引导。
7.Theman____talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.(80年)
A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what
选A.先行词是man。在从句中作主语,所以选who。
8.Theword"write"hasthesamepronunciation____thework"right".(84年)
选B.先行词中含有such,thesame时,或先行词被such,thesame修饰时,关系代词用as引导。
9.Watchthegirlandherdog____arecrossingthebridge.
选D.当先行词含有"人"和"物"时,关系代词用that。
10.Thisdictionary,afewpages____aremissing,isofnouse.
A.amongwhichB.ofwhichC.whichD.inwhich
选B.dictionary是先行词,which是关系代词,afewpagesofwhich(diciotnary)。
11.Youmaytake____bookyoulike.
A.whichB.onlyc.whicheverD.what
选C.复合关系代词本身兼有先行词。whichever=anythingthat,whatever=anythingthat,whoever=anyonewho,whomever=anyonewhom,whosever=anyonewhose。
12.Thisisthebestdictionary____I'veeverbought.
A.withwhichB.thatC.whichD.when
选B.先行词是dictionary,因为先行词前有最高级、序数词、only,very,any等修饰时,关系代词用that。
13.Istillremembertheday____IfirstcametoBeijing.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
选C.先行词theday,在定语从句中作状语,所以选when。当先行词是时间名词或地点名词时,关系词选用when或where,that或which,主要取决于在定语从句中所作成份,如果作宾语,用that或which,作状语用when或where。
如:
(1)Istillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespentinthecountryside.
先行词是thedays,spent是及物动词,that/which作spent的宾语。
(2)ThisistheplacewhereIlivedthreeyearsago.
先行词是place,lived是不及物动词,where在从句中作状语。
(3)Thisistheplacethat/whichwevisitedthreeyearsago.
先行词是place,visited是及物动词,that/which在从句中作宾语。
14.____,CharlesDickenswasanEnglishwritetr.
A.It'sknownntoallB.It'sknown16thatC.WeallknowD.Asisknowntoall
选D.as引出非限定性定语从句,表示"正如……那样”。类似的还有:asyouknow,asyousee,ascanbeknown,ashasbeenpointed17out,asisknowntoall等。
15.Idon'tliketheway____youlaughedather.
A.whichB.inthatC.whereD.that
选D.先行词是theway,表示方式,可用that(可省)或inwhich来引导一个定语从句。如果先行词是时间或原因,也可用that(可省)或when或why来引导定语从句。如:
(1)Thiswasthereasonthat/whyhewaslateyesterday.
(2)ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.