在高二英语学习中,随着学习的不断深入,同学们会逐渐发现能够充当主语的成分也越来越多,除了常见的名词、代词,还有非谓语、句子等等,那么如何使这些主语和它的谓语动词保持性、数上的一致,即主谓一致就成了我们英语学习中的一个重要课题,也是历来高考题关注的热点。现总结主谓一致的几点原则如下:
①由并列结构或连词(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.
注:"either…or,neither…nor,or"连接的两个主语若是一单一复,最好将复数主词放在后面而接复数动词。
②在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
There is a book and some pens on the desk.
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
③在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
I know the man who is talking to my father.
④在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is Mary's brother who was injured in the car accident.
①当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, no less than,besides,except, but, including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。
I,along with my sister,am going to Shanghai next month.
②英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.
③多数情况下,由"what"引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
What I want to say is just "Take care!"我只想说:"多保重!"
④当主语与all, none, any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.