Our teacher was sitting by the window.?我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。
We spent our holiday by the sea.?我们在海边度假。
(2)prep. / adv.?经过?past
He walked by me without speaking.
He walked by without a word.
(3)prep.?用;靠;通过表示方法、手段或所用的工具,后面可以接动名词作宾语。如:
?He makes a living by collecting waste paper.
(4)prep.?"不迟于",也可用来引导时间状语,意为"到……时候为止…""在……时候之前",句中谓语动词用完成时态。如引导的是过去时间状语,谓语动词用过去完成时。
I shall be back by 5 o'clock.
How many English parties had you had by the end of last term?
介词?prep.?通过;沿着?through; along; over
We came through the fields, not by the road.
(5)prep."被;由"常用于被动语态?This bridge was built by the soldiers.
(6)prep.?(指交通等)乘;用 The man came by bus.
【拓展】by accident = by chance偶然地 by oneself 单独,独立地
by the way 顺便说 learn...by heart 记熟 by turns 轮流
by then 到那时 one by one一个一个地 little by little一点一点地
by mistake 由于疏忽,错误地 side by side 肩并肩
【辨析】?by;with;in
by通常表示方法或手段,也可以接动名词表示某种手段;