My friend stands by me.My friend stands beside me.
乍然看来,这两个句子都是表示"我的朋友站在我身旁"之意,其实不然。
短语to stand by someone的意思是"支持某人"(to support someone);to stand beside someone才是"立于某人之旁"(to stand by the side of someone)。因此,上面的第一句应译作:"我的朋友支持我";第二句译作:"我的友人站在我的身旁"。
下面再请看两个类例:
If they try to make you resign,we'll stand by you.
We saw you stand beside the president in the newsreel.
如果stand by之后的宾语不是人,而是没有生命的事物,stand by就不作"支持"解,而是"在…之旁"之意。如:
Their house stands by a forest.
除此之外,stand by还可以表示"袖手旁观"之意。例如:
How can you stand by and watch while your allies are attacked?
在英语里,与此类似的句子甚多,现举数例,以见一斑:
Shut the door behind you.
请参阅consist in,consist of一节。