Skopos is a Greek word which means purpose in English.Skopos theory holds that the process of translation is determined by the function of the product.It mainly includes skopos rule,coherence rule and fidelity rule.
"Skopos"是一个希腊词，英语译为"purpose"。该理论认为译文取决于翻译的目的，其主要包括目的原则、连贯性原则和忠实性原则。
Of Vermeer's three rules,the skopos rule is its primary rule.The purpose of translation is to make the translated text work in the target culture and to be able to present it in the form desired by the target reader so as to meet their reading needs.Therefore,the choice of translation skills and strategies is determined by the purpose of the translation behavior.
在弗米尔的三大原则中，目的原则是其首要原则。翻译的目的在于，使译文在目标文化中发挥作用，并且能够以目标读者所期望的形式呈现，以满足他们的阅读需求。因此翻译技巧与策略的选择是由翻译行为所要达到的目的决定的。
The coherence rule means that the translation should meet the criteria of intra-textual coherence,that is,to emphasize the readability and acceptability of the translation,to pay attention to whether the translation can be understood by the reader,and to have a certain practical significance in the culture of translated language.Therefore,in the translation process,the translator should be oriented to the target audience in the target culture.
连贯原则指译文要符合语内连贯的标准，即强调译本的可读性和可接受性，关注译文是否能让读者理解，并在译入语文化中有一定的实际意义。因此在翻译过程中，译者应以目标文化中的目标读者为导向。
Fidelity rule refers to the inter-textual coherence between the original text and the target text,and pays attention to the relationship between them.While it requires the translation should be faithful to the original text,the fidelity rule emphasizes the extent and form of its fidelity is still determined by the objectives of the translation behavior and the translator's understanding of the original text.Skopos theory holds that the function of the original text is simply to provide information,so simply seeing the translation as a process of replacing the language of the original text with another language will lead to the unreadability and non-acceptance of the translation.
忠实原则是指原文和译文之间语际的连贯，关注原文与译文之间的关系。虽然它要求译文应当忠实于原文，但强调其忠实的程度和形式仍然由翻译行为的目标以及译者对原文的理解所决定的。目的论认为，原文的功能只是提供信息，因此，仅仅把翻译简单地看作是把原文的语言置换成另一种语言的过程，将会导致译文的不可读性和不可接受性。
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